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Green Means: Bold Politics

The Green Party stands for real change—where "Green Means" acting for nature, the climate, our communities, and the future. Discover what Green Means for you and for everyone.

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What Does Green Mean?

Green New Deal: "A transformative economic programme to tackle the climate emergency and create over a million good green jobs in the process."
  • £40 billion annual investment to create 1.2 million jobs in renewable energy, public transport, home insulation and nature restoration
    • Creates 5-7 jobs per £1 million invested compared to 2.7 jobs in fossil fuels (University of Massachusetts)
    • Addresses both climate crisis and economic inequality simultaneously
    • Builds resilient infrastructure that saves money long-term through reduced energy costs
    • Positions UK as global leader in green technology and sustainable development
    • Every £1 billion invested in green infrastructure creates 16,000-25,000 jobs across supply chains (IPPR)
    • Green investment generates 2.8x more jobs than equivalent fossil fuel spending (World Resources Institute)
    Source: Green Party UK, UN Sustainable Development Goals, University of Massachusetts "Green Growth" study, IPPR, World Resources Institute
  • Green apprenticeships creating pathways into renewable energy, retrofitting and environmental conservation careers
    • Addresses skills gap in growing green sectors where demand exceeds supply
    • Provides stable, well-paid careers with progression opportunities
    • Ensures UK workforce is prepared for the global transition to green economy
    • Reduces youth unemployment while building essential national infrastructure
    • Creates 100,000 new apprenticeships in green sectors by 2030 with guaranteed employment
    • Partnerships with trade unions to ensure high-quality training and fair wages
    Source: Green Party Skills Policy, OECD Green Jobs Report, UK Renewable Energy Association, TUC
  • Just Transition for workers in high-carbon industries with guaranteed retraining and new green job opportunities
    • Prevents communities being left behind in the transition to net-zero
    • Builds broad public support for climate action by ensuring no one is disadvantaged
    • Transfers valuable skills from traditional industries to new green sectors
    • International best practice from Germany's Ruhr Valley transition shows this approach works
    • Establishes £1 billion Just Transition Fund for affected workers and communities
    • Wage protection and pension security for workers transitioning between sectors
    Source: Green Party Just Transition Policy, International Labour Organization, German Energy Transition Case Studies, IPPR
  • Regional job creation targeting areas most affected by industrial decline
    • Focuses investment in former industrial heartlands and coastal communities
    • Creates 250,000 jobs in the North of England through offshore wind and manufacturing
    • Revitalises communities through local green enterprise zones and cooperatives
    • Reduces regional inequality by spreading economic opportunities across the UK
    • Establishment of 10 Green Enterprise Zones in post-industrial areas with tax incentives
    • Community Wealth Building initiatives to ensure local economic benefit
    Source: Green Party Regional Development Policy, IPPR North, Centre for Cities, Centre for Local Economic Strategies
  • Public Works Programme for direct employment in environmental restoration and infrastructure
    • Creates 500,000 direct public sector jobs in environmental restoration and green infrastructure
    • Provides guaranteed employment for long-term unemployed in meaningful work
    • Accelerates climate adaptation through flood defences and ecosystem restoration
    • Modern equivalent of 1930s Civilian Conservation Corps with living wage and union rights
    • Focuses on labour-intensive projects that cannot be easily automated or offshored
    Source: Green Party Job Guarantee Policy, New Economics Foundation, Roosevelt Institute
  • Renewable energy sector creating 400,000 jobs in wind, solar and tidal power
    • UK offshore wind sector supports 26,000 jobs currently, projected to reach 69,800 by 2026
    • Solar industry could create 60,000 jobs with proper government support and investment
    • Tidal and wave energy potential for 20,000 jobs in coastal communities
    • Green hydrogen development could support 75,000 jobs by 2035
    • Geothermal energy potential for 10,000 jobs in former mining areas
    • Biomass and waste-to-energy creating 15,000 jobs in circular economy
    Source: RenewableUK, Solar Energy UK, Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult, Hydrogen UK, British Geological Survey
  • Building retrofitting creating 500,000 jobs in home insulation and energy efficiency
    • Every £1 spent on retrofitting creates 4 jobs in local construction and supply chains
    • Reduces fuel poverty while creating skilled employment in every constituency
    • Trains new generation of builders in sustainable construction techniques
    • Supports small and medium-sized construction businesses nationwide
    • Creates 50,000 specialist roles in heat pump installation and low-carbon heating
    • Develops new apprenticeship pathways in green building technologies
    Source: Construction Leadership Council, Federation of Master Builders, Energy Saving Trust, CITB
  • Circular economy creating 200,000 jobs in repair, reuse and recycling
    • Repair economy could create 450,000 jobs across UK high streets and communities
    • Recycling and waste management sector currently employs 210,000 people with growth potential
    • Local repair cafes and skill-sharing hubs create community resilience and employment
    • Reduces waste management costs while creating local economic opportunities
    • Textile recycling and upcycling creating 20,000 jobs in fashion and manufacturing
    • Electronics repair and refurbishment supporting 30,000 skilled technician roles
    Source: Green Alliance, WRAP, The Restart Project, Circular Economy Institute, Ellen MacArthur Foundation
  • Nature restoration creating 100,000 jobs in rewilding, forestry and conservation
    • Tree planting and forest management creates 15,000 rural jobs
    • Peatland restoration supports 5,000 jobs in upland communities
    • River restoration and natural flood management creates local employment
    • Coastal habitat management protects existing jobs while creating new ones
    • Urban greening and park management creating 10,000 jobs in cities
    • Species monitoring and conservation supporting 5,000 scientific and field roles
    Source: Woodland Trust, RSPB, Wildlife Trusts, National Trust, The Wildlife Trusts
  • Sustainable agriculture creating 150,000 jobs in organic farming and agroecology
    • Transition to agroecological farming creates 30% more jobs per hectare than industrial agriculture
    • Organic farming supports 32% more species and 50% more pollinators
    • Local food networks and urban farming creating 40,000 new enterprises
    • Reduces reliance on imported food while creating rural employment
    • Horticulture and market gardening revival supporting 25,000 small-scale growers
    Source: Soil Association, Sustainable Food Trust, Landworkers' Alliance, Food Ethics Council
  • Union rights and collective bargaining for all green sector workers
    • Green jobs typically have 15% higher union density than traditional sectors
    • Collective bargaining ensures fair wages and conditions in new industries
    • Union-led training programmes ensure high skills standards and safety
    • Worker representation on company boards improves decision-making and innovation
    • Sectoral bargaining agreements to set minimum standards across green industries
    • Right to unionise protected in all green new deal contracts and funding agreements
    Source: TUC, Prospect Union, GMB, Unite the Union, Institute of Employment Rights
  • Real Living Wage guarantee for all green new deal jobs
    • Ensures green transition benefits workers, not just shareholders
    • Living wage increases local economic activity and tax revenues
    • Reduces in-work poverty and reliance on benefits
    • Attracts skilled workers to green sectors through decent pay and conditions
    • Living Wage Foundation accreditation required for all Green New Deal contractors
    • Wage progression pathways linked to skills acquisition and training
    Source: Living Wage Foundation, Resolution Foundation, New Economics Foundation, Joseph Rowntree Foundation
  • Four-day working week with no loss of pay for improved work-life balance
    • UK trials show 20% productivity increase with four-day week on same pay
    • Reduces unemployment by sharing work more evenly across workforce
    • Improves mental health, reducing NHS costs and sick leave
    • Increases gender equality in domestic labour and care work
    • Pilot programme for 100 companies transitioning to 4-day week with government support
    • Legislation to reduce maximum working week from 48 to 32 hours with no loss of pay
    Source: 4 Day Week Campaign, Autonomy research group, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust
  • Workplace democracy with employee ownership and cooperative models
    • Worker cooperatives have 80% higher productivity than conventional businesses
    • Employee ownership increases job satisfaction and reduces staff turnover
    • Workers' cooperatives are more resilient during economic downturns
    • Distributes wealth more evenly and keeps profits within local communities
    • Right to Buy for employees when companies are sold or close
    • £500 million Cooperative Development Fund to support worker buyouts and startups
    Source: Cooperatives UK, Employee Ownership Association, New Economics Foundation, Democracy Collaborative
  • Job security and transition protections for workers in changing industries
    • Lifelong learning accounts with £5,000 annual training budget for every worker
    • Job guarantee programme for anyone unemployed more than 6 months
    • Portable benefits that move with workers between jobs and sectors
    • Two years' notice and retraining for workers in declining industries
    • Community benefits agreements in all major green infrastructure projects
    Source: Green Party Worker Protection Policy, IPPR, Resolution Foundation, TUC
  • Green industrial strategy with targeted support for key sectors
    • Identifies UK competitive advantages in offshore wind, tidal energy and green finance
    • Coordinates investment in skills, infrastructure and research & development
    • Prevents offshoring of green manufacturing jobs through strategic support
    • Creates supply chain clusters that maximise local economic benefits
    • National Infrastructure Bank with £20 billion capital for green projects
    • Sector development plans for 12 key green industries with job creation targets
    Source: Green Party Industrial Strategy, Institute for Public Policy Research, Centre for Progressive Policy, IPPR
  • Public investment in R&D for green technologies and innovation
    • Every £1 of public R&D generates £7 of private investment in green technologies
    • Creates high-value intellectual property and export opportunities
    • Supports UK universities and research institutions in global competition
    • Builds national capability in emerging sectors like battery storage and hydrogen
    • Triple public R&D spending to 3% of GDP focused on green innovation
    • 10 Catapult centres for green technology commercialisation across UK regions
    Source: UK Research and Innovation, Royal Academy of Engineering, Catapult Network, Campaign for Science and Engineering
  • Local procurement policies supporting community wealth building
    • Every £1 spent with local suppliers generates £1.76 for local economy
    • Creates local supply chains that resist economic shocks
    • Supports small businesses and social enterprises in green sectors
    • Reduces transport emissions and builds community resilience
    • Social value weighting of 20% in all public procurement decisions
    • Anchor institution strategies for NHS, universities and local authorities
    Source: Centre for Local Economic Strategies, New Economics Foundation, Federation of Small Businesses, CLES
  • Skills and training investment for lifelong learning and retraining
    • £2.5 billion annual investment in Further Education for green skills
    • Creates 100,000 new apprenticeships in renewable energy and retrofitting
    • Supports adult retraining for workers transitioning from high-carbon industries
    • Partnerships between colleges, employers and unions ensure relevant training
    • Free lifelong learning entitlement for every adult equivalent to 4 years of post-18 education
    • Skills forecasting and matching service to connect training with job opportunities
    Source: Association of Colleges, UVAC, TUC Learning Services, Edge Foundation, Learning and Work Institute
  • Regional investment banks to support local green businesses and startups
    • Creates 10 regional green investment banks with £1 billion capital each
    • Patient capital for green startups with 10-year investment horizons
    • Community ownership models for renewable energy projects
    • Local currency initiatives to keep wealth circulating within regions
    • Credit unions and community development finance institutions expansion
    Source: New Economics Foundation, Community Savings Banks Association, Responsible Finance
  • Global green technology exports creating 300,000 high-value jobs
    • UK offshore wind expertise could capture 25% of global market worth £4.9 billion annually
    • Green finance leadership in London creates 50,000 jobs in sustainable investment
    • Tidal stream technology exports potential of £1.4 billion by 2030
    • Energy efficiency technology and services export market worth £17 billion globally
    • UK could become net exporter of green hydrogen technology by 2040
    Source: Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult, TheCityUK, Marine Energy Council, Department for International Trade
  • Climate diplomacy and technical assistance creating international development jobs
    • UK climate expertise could support 20,000 jobs in international consultancy and aid
    • Commonwealth climate assistance programme creating 5,000 technical advisor roles
    • Export credit guarantee support for UK green technology companies overseas
    • International climate education and training programmes
    Source: Foreign & Commonwealth Office, British Council, International Development NGOs
Public Investment for Public Good: "Redirecting finance to serve people and planet, not private profit. Our investment policies ensure essential services are publicly owned and democratically controlled, creating a resilient economy that works for everyone while tackling the climate emergency."
  • Renationalise energy companies to create a publicly owned, democratically accountable energy system
    • Eliminates £2.7 billion in annual private profits that could be reinvested in renewable energy
    • Enables coordinated national planning for rapid transition to 100% renewable energy by 2030
    • Reduces consumer bills by 10-15% by removing profit motive from essential service
    • Creates 400,000 stable public sector jobs in renewable energy and grid modernisation
    • Publicly owned Scottish Water charges 20% less than English private companies with better service quality
    • German municipal energy companies deliver cheaper prices and faster renewable transition
    • Public ownership enables strategic grid upgrades for electric vehicle charging infrastructure
    • Eliminates £1.2 billion in executive bonuses and shareholder dividends annually
    Source: Green Party Energy Policy, Public Ownership Project, Common Wealth Think Tank, University of Greenwich PSIRU, Agora Energiewende, High Pay Centre
  • Public ownership of water companies to end sewage dumping and invest in infrastructure
    • Ends £2.4 billion annual dividend payments to shareholders since privatisation
    • Enables £10 billion investment in water infrastructure without profit extraction
    • Stops raw sewage discharges that have increased by 2,553% since privatisation
    • Reduces water bills by 20% while improving service quality and environmental protection
    • Public ownership could fund universal water meter installation and leak reduction programmes
    • Creates 50,000 jobs in water infrastructure modernisation and river restoration
    • Prevents future water shortages through integrated national water management
    • Eliminates complex regulatory bureaucracy saving £500 million annually
    Source: Green Party Water Policy, We Own It, University of Greenwich Public Services International Research Unit, Environment Agency, Surfers Against Sewage, National Audit Office
  • Public control of public transport including railways and bus networks
    • Saves £1.5 billion annually in private profit extraction from public transport
    • Enables integrated ticketing and coordinated service planning across regions
    • Reduces fares by 10% making public transport accessible to all income levels
    • Accelerates transition to electric fleets through coordinated public investment
    • Publicly owned East Coast Mainline returned £1 billion to treasury during public operation
    • Creates 100,000 jobs in transport manufacturing and maintenance
    • Enables free public transport for under-18s and over-65s
    • Reduces road congestion saving economy £8 billion annually in lost productivity
    Source: Green Party Transport Policy, Transport for Quality of Life, Campaign for Better Transport, National Audit Office, TUC, Department for Transport
  • Public broadband network creating universal high-speed internet access
    • Eliminates digital divide affecting 10% of UK households without adequate broadband
    • Reduces costs by 40% compared to private provision (OECD evidence)
    • Creates 50,000 jobs in fibre optic installation and network maintenance
    • Enables remote working and reduces transport emissions
    • Successful public broadband models in Sweden and South Korea show superior outcomes
    • Provides essential infrastructure for digital democracy and online public services
    • Ensures net neutrality and protects digital rights
    • Stimulates rural economic development through reliable connectivity
    Source: Green Party Digital Policy, OECD Broadband Statistics, Broadband Stakeholder Group, European Commission Digital Scoreboard, Ofcom
  • Public banking system including a national investment bank and regional public banks
    • Provides affordable credit for small businesses and green projects
    • Eliminates £150 billion in risky speculation by focusing on productive lending
    • German public banking system provides 40% of business lending with lower default rates
    • Creates 30,000 jobs in community banking and financial services
    • Prevents future banking crises through prudent lending practices
    • Supports credit unions and community development finance institutions
    • Provides basic banking services to excluded communities
    Source: Green Party Finance Policy, German Savings Banks Association, New Economics Foundation, Positive Money, Financial Conduct Authority
  • £100 billion Green New Deal investment over 10 years
    • Returns £3-£7 for every £1 invested through job creation and energy savings
    • Creates 1.2 million jobs in renewable energy, retrofitting and nature restoration
    • Reduces UK energy import dependence saving £50 billion annually by 2030
    • Stimulates £300 billion in private investment through multiplier effects
    • German Energiewende created 300,000 jobs while reducing emissions by 40%
    • US New Deal historical precedent shows public investment can end economic crises
    • Builds climate resilience saving £20 billion annually in climate damage by 2050
    • Creates export opportunities in green technology worth £50 billion annually
    Source: Green Party Green New Deal Policy, New Economics Foundation, OBR, German Federal Environment Agency, Roosevelt Institute, Climate Change Committee
  • National Investment Bank with £20 billion capital for green projects
    • Leverages £100 billion in additional private investment through co-financing
    • Provides patient capital for long-term infrastructure with 30-year horizons
    • Focuses on projects with social and environmental returns, not just financial
    • Successful model from German KfW bank which funds 40% of German energy transition
    • Creates regional development banks to address local investment gaps
    • Issues green bonds for public subscription raising £5 billion annually
    • Provides technical assistance to local authorities for project development
    • Coordinates with pension funds for large-scale infrastructure investment
    Source: Green Party Finance Policy, German KfW Bank, Positive Money, New Economics Foundation, Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change
  • Local authority green bonds for community energy and infrastructure
    • Enables local communities to invest directly in renewable energy projects
    • Provides 3-5% returns to local investors while funding clean energy
    • Creates 500 community energy projects generating local wealth
    • German model shows 50% of renewable energy can be community-owned
    • Builds local economic resilience and keeps energy profits in communities
    • Supports energy democracy with community control over energy systems
    • Creates 25,000 jobs in community energy development and management
    • Provides inflation-protected returns for local pension funds
    Source: Green Party Community Energy Policy, Community Energy England, German Energy Transition Study, Co-operatives UK, Local Government Association
  • Pension fund investment reform mandating climate-safe investments
    • Redirects £2 trillion in UK pension funds toward productive green investment
    • Protects pensions from fossil fuel stranded asset risks estimated at £11 billion
    • Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund shows successful fossil fuel divestment model
    • Creates stable long-term returns through infrastructure investment
    • Mandates pension fund trustees to consider climate risks in all investments
    • Requires pension funds to invest 25% of assets in UK green infrastructure
    • Creates local authority pension fund collaboration for larger projects
    • Provides guaranteed returns through government infrastructure bonds
    Source: Green Party Pension Policy, Make My Money Matter, Carbon Tracker Initiative, Norwegian Bank Investment Management, Pensions Policy Institute
  • Research and development investment tripling public R&D spending
    • Increases public R&D spending to 3% of GDP (£60 billion annually)
    • Creates 10 Catapult centres for green technology commercialisation
    • Establishes 50 university-business research partnerships in green sectors
    • German Fraunhofer model shows 20:1 return on public research investment
    • Creates 100,000 high-skilled research and engineering jobs
    • Develops UK competitive advantage in offshore wind, tidal and hydrogen
    • Accelerates battery technology development for energy storage
    • Builds national capabilities in climate adaptation and resilience technologies
    Source: Green Party Innovation Policy, UK Research and Innovation, Fraunhofer Society, Royal Academy of Engineering, Campaign for Science and Engineering
  • Wealth tax on richest 1% raising £70-£90 billion annually
    • Top 1% own more wealth than bottom 70% combined - fair contribution needed
    • Wealth taxes successfully implemented in Norway, Switzerland and Spain
    • London School of Economics research shows minimal economic impact with progressive design
    • Addresses extreme inequality while funding essential public services
    • French wealth tax generated €5 billion annually before being repealed
    • Reduces wealth inequality that undermines economic stability and social cohesion
    • Includes comprehensive anti-avoidance measures and international cooperation
    • Exempts first £1 million of wealth to protect middle-class homeowners
    Source: Green Party Tax Policy, Wealth Tax Commission, London School of Economics, OECD Wealth Tax Analysis, OXFAM, Institute for Fiscal Studies
  • Financial transaction tax raising £20 billion annually
    • Tiny tax (0.1-0.5%) on financial transactions that would raise significant revenue
    • Successful models exist in France, Italy and 10 other EU countries
    • Reduces speculative trading while making finance sector pay fair share
    • EU Commission research shows minimal impact on genuine investment and economic growth
    • UK stamp duty on shares shows transaction taxes are practical and effective
    • Could fund free social care for all elderly people
    • Reduces high-frequency trading that increases market volatility
    • Encourages long-term investment over short-term speculation
    Source: Green Party Finance Policy, Robin Hood Tax Campaign, EU Commission FTT Impact Assessment, IMF, Institute for Fiscal Studies, Bank of England
  • Carbon tax on polluting industries raising £30 billion annually
    • Creates price signal accelerating transition to clean energy
    • Revenue recycling ensures progressive impact protecting low-income households
    • Successfully implemented in Canada with public support and emissions reduction
    • International evidence shows carbon taxes effectively reduce emissions without harming economy
    • Swedish carbon tax reduced emissions by 25% while economy grew 60%
    • Funds can be used for climate adaptation and just transition programmes
    • Includes border carbon adjustments to protect UK industry
    • Phased introduction with clear price trajectory for business planning
    Source: Green Party Carbon Tax Policy, Canada Climate Action, London School of Economics, IMF Carbon Pricing Report, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Climate Change Committee
  • Corporate tax reform closing loopholes and increasing rates
    • Raises £15 billion annually by increasing corporation tax to 24%
    • Ends tax avoidance estimated to cost UK £35 billion annually
    • Introduces unitary taxation to prevent profit shifting to tax havens
    • Creates level playing field for small businesses against multinationals
    • OECD global minimum tax agreement shows international cooperation is possible
    • Funds public services that businesses rely on for skilled workforce and infrastructure
    • Introduces windfall taxes on excessive pandemic and energy crisis profits
    • Provides tax incentives for companies meeting environmental and social standards
    Source: Green Party Corporate Tax Policy, Tax Justice Network, HMRC, OECD BEPS Project, Institute for Public Policy Research, Fair Tax Mark
  • Land value tax replacing council tax and business rates
    • Raises £50 billion annually from unearned land value increases
    • Encourages efficient use of land and reduces speculation
    • Successful implementation in Denmark, Estonia and parts of Australia
    • Reduces property bubbles by taxing land value not improvements
    • More progressive than council tax as it targets wealth not income
    • Encourages development of brownfield sites and empty properties
    • Funds local services without penalising productive investment
    • Simplifies local government finance with single property tax
    Source: Green Party Land Policy, Labour Land Campaign, OECD Tax Policy Studies, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, New Economics Foundation
  • Regional development banks with £10 billion capital
    • Creates 10 regional investment banks targeting local economic needs
    • Supports 50,000 small and medium enterprises in green sectors
    • Focuses on former industrial areas and coastal communities
    • German Sparkassen model shows regional banks outperform national banks for local development
    • Increases lending to small businesses by 40% in underserved regions
    • Provides patient capital for local supply chain development
    • Creates 5,000 jobs in regional banking and financial services
    • Supports community ownership of local assets and enterprises
    Source: Green Party Regional Policy, German Savings Banks Association, Centre for Cities, Federation of Small Businesses, British Business Bank
  • Community wealth building through local procurement
    • Every £1 spent with local suppliers generates £1.76 for local economy
    • Creates local supply chains that resist economic shocks
    • Preston Model shows 15% increase in local spending through anchor institution strategy
    • Supports worker cooperatives and community-owned enterprises
    • Reduces transport emissions and builds community resilience
    • Creates 100,000 local jobs through import substitution
    • Develops local circular economies reducing waste and resource use
    • Builds community capacity and democratic economic control
    Source: Green Party Local Economics Policy, Centre for Local Economic Strategies, New Economics Foundation, Preston City Council, Co-operatives UK
  • Green enterprise zones with tax incentives and support
    • Creates 20 green enterprise zones in post-industrial areas
    • Provides business rates relief and grants for green startups
    • Supports 10,000 new green businesses in first 5 years
    • German renewable energy clusters show benefits of concentrated expertise
    • Creates innovation ecosystems with universities and research institutions
    • Provides incubator space and mentoring for green entrepreneurs
    • Focuses on sectors with local competitive advantages
    • Creates 50,000 high-quality local jobs in green manufacturing and services
    Source: Green Party Business Policy, Enterprise Research Centre, German Renewable Energy Agency, UK Research and Innovation, BEIS
  • Local authority bond issues for community infrastructure
    • Enables local authorities to raise £5 billion annually for local projects
    • Provides 3-4% returns to local investors funding community assets
    • US municipal bond market shows successful model for local infrastructure funding
    • Creates local ownership of renewable energy and public transport
    • Builds civic pride and community engagement in local development
    • Supports 500 local renewable energy and retrofit projects annually
    • Provides secure investment opportunities for local pension funds
    • Democratises infrastructure investment beyond large financial institutions
    Source: Green Party Local Government Policy, Municipal Bonds Agency, US Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, Local Government Association, New Local
  • Climate finance for global south meeting UK's fair share
    • Provides £10 billion annually in climate finance to developing countries
    • Meets UK's historical responsibility as 5th largest historical emitter
    • Supports renewable energy and adaptation in vulnerable nations
    • Creates global markets for UK green technology exports
    • Builds international cooperation for global climate action
    • Prevents climate migration through sustainable development
    • Creates 50,000 UK jobs in international development and green exports
    • Fulfils UK's moral and legal obligations under Paris Agreement
    Source: Green Party International Policy, UNFCCC, Carbon Brief, ODI, Bond, Department for International Trade
  • Debt cancellation for climate-vulnerable countries
    • Cancels £5 billion in debt for countries most affected by climate change
    • Enables investment in climate resilience instead of debt servicing
    • Jubilee 2000 campaign showed debt cancellation stimulates development
    • Creates political goodwill and strengthens UK's global leadership
    • Reduces economic instability that drives conflict and migration
    • Supports democratic governance by reducing economic pressures
    • Builds alliances for global green transition
    Source: Green Party Debt Policy, Jubilee Debt Campaign, IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD
  • International green technology transfer
    • Shares UK renewable energy and efficiency technology globally
    • Creates £20 billion export market for UK green technology
    • Accelerates global emissions reduction through technology diffusion
    • Builds UK soft power and international influence
    • Creates 100,000 UK jobs in green technology manufacturing and services
    • Supports UK research institutions through international partnerships
    • Develops global standards for green technology and infrastructure
    Source: Green Party Trade Policy, Department for International Trade, UN Technology Mechanism, WTO, International Renewable Energy Agency
Real Democracy for All: "A democratic system that works for everyone, not just the wealthy and powerful. We will transform our political system to give power back to people and communities, creating a genuinely participatory democracy where every voice matters and every citizen can shape the decisions that affect their lives."
  • Abolish the monarchy and establish a democratic republic with an elected head of state
    • Ends hereditary privilege and establishes equality before the law for all citizens
    • Saves £345 million annually in sovereign grant and security costs
    • Creates democratic accountability for head of state rather than birthright privilege
    • Aligns UK with modern democratic nations like Germany, Ireland and France
    • Removes royal consent powers that secretly veto legislation affecting crown interests
    • Establishes transparent funding for head of state role with parliamentary oversight
    • Ends automatic seats in House of Lords for bishops and hereditary peers
    • Creates modern constitution based on popular sovereignty not divine right
    • Eliminates monarch's immunity from prosecution and civil lawsuits
    • Ends archaic practices like prorogation and dissolution powers
    • Creates transparent process for head of state selection with term limits
    • Removes religious discrimination in head of state eligibility
    Source: Green Party Republican Policy, Republic Campaign, TaxPayers' Alliance, University College London Constitution Unit, Guardian Investigations, Human Rights Watch
  • Replace House of Lords with elected Senate representing nations and regions
    • Ends undemocratic appointments and hereditary peerages
    • Creates regional representation to balance London-centric politics
    • Reduces costs by 30% through smaller, more efficient elected chamber
    • Improves legislative scrutiny through democratic mandate and expertise
    • Ensures gender balance and diverse representation through electoral design
    • Provides proper representation for Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and English regions
    • Eliminates corporate lobbying through appointed peers
    • Creates second chamber focused on long-term national interests
    • Introduces term limits of 12 years to prevent career politicians
    • Establishes recall mechanisms for underperforming senators
    • Creates proportional representation system reflecting UK diversity
    • Ensures expertise-based committees with public evidence sessions
    Source: Green Party Constitutional Reform Policy, Electoral Reform Society, University College London Constitution Unit, Institute for Government, Democratic Audit
  • Proportional representation for all elections to ensure every vote counts
    • Ends majority governments elected by minority of voters
    • Ensures parliamentary representation matches public voting patterns
    • Encourages cooperation and consensus across political parties
    • Increases voter turnout by 5-10% as all votes have equal value
    • Reduces tactical voting and wasted votes in safe seats
    • Improves representation of women and ethnic minorities
    • Creates more diverse parliament reflecting modern Britain
    • Successful models in Scotland, Wales and London show PR works in UK context
    • Single Transferable Vote system ensures local representation with proportionality
    • Ends gerrymandering through independent boundary commissions
    • Creates more competitive elections in currently safe seats
    • Reduces extreme policy swings between different governments
    Source: Green Party Electoral Reform Policy, Make Votes Matter, International IDEA, Electoral Reform Society, Hansard Society, ACE Electoral Knowledge Network
  • Written constitution protecting fundamental rights and democratic principles
    • Establishes clear limits on executive power and parliamentary sovereignty
    • Protects human rights, environmental protections and social rights
    • Creates constitutional court to uphold democratic principles
    • Ensures devolution settlements cannot be overturned by Westminster majority
    • Includes right to healthy environment and climate protection
    • Establishes citizens' assembly process for constitutional amendments
    • Provides stability and certainty in governance arrangements
    • Aligns UK with international constitutional norms
    • Creates explicit social and economic rights including housing and healthcare
    • Establishes independent judiciary appointment commission
    • Protects freedom of information and government transparency
    • Creates mechanism for regular constitutional review and update
    Source: Green Party Constitutional Policy, Constitution Society, Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law, University of Cambridge Centre for Public Law, International Commission of Jurists
  • Lower voting age to 16 for all elections and referendums
    • Recognises 16- and 17-year-olds as full citizens with political rights
    • Increases lifelong voting habits through early political engagement
    • Scottish experience shows 75% turnout among 16-17 year olds in independence referendum
    • Ensures young people's interests represented in decisions affecting their future
    • Complements citizenship education in schools
    • Addresses intergenerational injustice in climate and housing policy
    • Austrian and German models show successful implementation
    • Creates more politically literate and engaged citizenry
    • Extends right to stand for election to local government at age 16
    • Supports youth parliaments and school council democratic education
    • Ensures political parties develop youth-friendly policies and communication
    • Builds pipeline for future political leadership from diverse backgrounds
    Source: Green Party Youth Democracy Policy, Scottish Parliament, Austrian Ministry of Interior, UK Youth Parliament, National Union of Students, British Youth Council
  • Automatic voter registration and modernised electoral administration
    • Automatically registers all eligible citizens using government data
    • Canadian model increases registration rates to 96% of eligible voters
    • Reduces administrative costs by 30% through streamlined processes
    • Ensures homeless people and frequent movers remain registered
    • Creates online voting option with robust security verification
    • Extends voting period to weekend with Friday-Monday voting
    • Establishes election day as public holiday to increase participation
    • Provides postal voting by default for all elections
    • Creates mobile polling stations for rural and isolated communities
    • Ensures polling stations in all major workplaces and universities
    • Provides translation services and accessibility support at all polling places
    • Establishes independent electoral commission free from government control
    Source: Green Party Electoral Administration Policy, Elections Canada, Electoral Commission, Democratic Audit, ACE Electoral Knowledge Network
  • Citizens' assemblies on major national issues
    • Creates informed public deliberation on complex policy issues
    • Irish citizens' assemblies successfully resolved abortion and marriage equality debates
    • Reduces political polarisation through evidence-based discussion
    • Ensures diverse perspectives beyond professional political class
    • Builds public trust in political decision-making
    • Ostbelgien model in Belgium shows permanent citizens' council works effectively
    • Creates mandate for difficult long-term decisions like climate action
    • Complements rather than replaces representative democracy
    • Establishes permanent citizens' assembly with rotating membership
    • Provides proper funding and secretariat support for quality deliberation
    • Ensures government response to all citizens' assembly recommendations
    • Creates local and regional citizens' assemblies for devolved issues
    Source: Green Party Participatory Democracy Policy, Irish Citizens' Assembly, OECD Innovative Citizen Participation, Sortition Foundation, Jefferson Center
  • Participatory budgeting giving communities control over local spending
    • Gives communities direct control over 10% of local authority budgets
    • Increases civic participation with 20-30% higher engagement in decision-making
    • Brazilian Porto Alegre model shows reduced corruption and improved services
    • Ensures development meets local needs rather than corporate interests
    • Builds community cohesion and local problem-solving capacity
    • Creates more equitable distribution of public resources
    • Successful UK pilots in Glasgow, Bradford and Camden show positive outcomes
    • Develops civic skills and political confidence in local communities
    • Extends participatory budgeting to police, health and transport budgets
    • Creates youth participatory budgeting for decisions affecting young people
    • Uses digital platforms to increase accessibility and participation
    • Provides facilitation support for inclusive and effective deliberation
    Source: Green Party Local Democracy Policy, Participatory Budgeting Project, New Economics Foundation, Local Government Association, World Bank Participation Studies
  • Community right to challenge and buy local assets and services
    • Gives communities first refusal on publicly owned assets being sold
    • Enables community ownership of pubs, shops, libraries and green spaces
    • Creates 1,000 community-owned assets protecting local services
    • Scottish Land Reform Act shows successful community right to buy model
    • Builds community wealth and keeps profits circulating locally
    • Protects essential services from privatisation and closure
    • Creates 10,000 jobs in community enterprises and cooperatives
    • Develops local leadership and organisational capacity
    • Provides seed funding and technical support for community acquisitions
    • Creates community asset transfer for underused public buildings
    • Establishes community land trusts for permanent affordable assets
    • Supports community energy projects and local renewable generation
    Source: Green Party Community Rights Policy, Community Land Trust Network, Plunkett Foundation, Scottish Land Commission, Locality, Power to Change
  • Digital democracy platforms for continuous citizen participation
    • Creates online platforms for policy consultation and citizen initiatives
    • Enables continuous citizen input between elections
    • Increases accessibility for disabled people and those with caring responsibilities
    • Reduces costs of traditional consultation methods by 40%
    • Taiwanese vTaiwan platform shows successful digital deliberation
    • Barcelona Decidim platform enables 40,000 citizens to participate in budgeting
    • Ensures digital inclusion through public access points and support
    • Creates transparent record of public input and government response
    • Develops UK-wide digital democracy platform with local customisation
    • Integrates with social media for broader reach and engagement
    • Uses artificial intelligence to summarise and analyse public input
    • Creates gamification elements to encourage sustained participation
    Source: Green Party Digital Democracy Policy, mySociety, OECD Digital Government Studies, Barcelona City Council, g0v Taiwan, Nesta Democracy Pioneers
  • Recall mechanisms for underperforming elected representatives
    • Allows constituents to trigger by-elections for MPs who break promises
    • Requires 20% of electorate signature to activate recall process
    • California recall system shows mechanism can hold politicians accountable
    • Prevents safe seat complacency and improves constituency service
    • Ensures representatives remain responsive between elections
    • Complements rather than replaces regular electoral cycles
    • Includes safeguards against frivolous or partisan recalls
    • Builds public confidence in democratic accountability
    • Extends recall mechanism to local councillors and mayors
    • Creates independent recall petition verification process
    • Ensures fair campaign rules and spending limits for recall elections
    • Provides clear grounds for recall including criminal conviction or ethical breaches
    Source: Green Party Accountability Policy, California Secretary of State, Institute for Government, Democratic Audit, Committee on Standards in Public Life
  • Citizen initiative and referendum processes
    • Creates mechanism for citizens to propose legislation and constitutional changes
    • Swiss model shows successful integration of direct and representative democracy
    • Requires 100,000 signatures to trigger parliamentary debate on proposals
    • 500,000 signatures required to trigger binding national referendum
    • Ensures proper deliberation and information campaigns before votes
    • Prevents wealthy interests dominating initiative process through spending limits
    • Creates independent commission to verify proposal feasibility and costs
    • Builds civic engagement and political education
    • Establishes local initiative processes for council decisions
    • Provides public funding for balanced information in referendum campaigns
    • Ensures minority rights protection in all direct democracy processes
    • Creates cooling-off period between initiative qualification and vote
    Source: Green Party Direct Democracy Policy, Swiss Federal Chancellery, Initiative and Referendum Institute, Democracy International, University of Zurich
  • Media ownership reform breaking up concentration and promoting diversity
    • Limits any single company to maximum 20% of national media market
    • Breaks up current oligopoly where 3 companies control 70% of newspaper circulation
    • Promotes diverse ownership including cooperatives and community media
    • German media ownership laws show successful pluralism protection
    • Reduces political influence of billionaire media owners
    • Creates level playing field for independent and local journalism
    • Ensures plurality of perspectives in public debate
    • Supports investigative journalism and media scrutiny of power
    • Prevents cross-media ownership creating information monopolies
    • Creates public interest test for all major media mergers
    • Supports employee ownership and reader cooperative models
    • Ensures transparency in media ownership and funding sources
    Source: Green Party Media Policy, Media Reform Coalition, German Media Authority, Reuters Institute for Journalism, OFCOM, European Federation of Journalists
  • Public interest journalism fund supporting local and investigative reporting
    • Creates £100 million annual fund for public interest journalism
    • Supports 500 local news outlets facing closure
    • Funds investigative reporting on corruption and environmental issues
    • Scandinavian press subsidy models show successful support for quality journalism
    • Creates 2,000 journalism jobs in underserved communities
    • Ensures coverage of local democracy and council decisions
    • Promotes media literacy and critical thinking education
    • Builds public trust in reliable news sources
    • Funds community news startups in news deserts
    • Supports collaborative investigative journalism networks
    • Creates innovation fund for sustainable journalism business models
    • Establishes independent distribution to prevent platform dependency
    Source: Green Party Journalism Policy, NUJ, Scandinavian Press Subsidy Systems, Cairncross Review, Reuters Institute, Center for Media and Democracy
  • BBC democratisation with membership model and editorial independence
    • Replaces government appointment of BBC Trust with membership model
    • German ARD model shows successful public broadcasting governance
    • Ensures editorial independence from government pressure
    • Creates regional production hubs outside London
    • Increases diverse representation in programming and staffing
    • Funds local journalism and community media partnerships
    • Maintains universal access through progressive licence fee
    • Supports digital innovation and archive accessibility
    • Creates viewer and listener membership with election of board members
    • Establishes clear public service remit with measurable objectives
    • Ensures fair coverage of all political parties during elections
    • Creates independent complaints and standards authority
    Source: Green Party BBC Policy, German ARD, Voice of the Listener and Viewer, BBC Trust Review, Media Reform Coalition, RAND Europe
  • Digital bill of rights protecting online privacy and free expression
    • Establishes right to digital privacy and control over personal data
    • EU GDPR shows successful comprehensive data protection regulation
    • Protects net neutrality and equal access to online information
    • Ensures algorithmic transparency and right to human review
    • Creates digital ombudsman to protect citizens' online rights
    • Prevents mass surveillance without judicial oversight
    • Supports digital literacy and critical thinking education
    • Balances free expression with protection from online harm
    • Creates right to be forgotten with appropriate safeguards
    • Ensures platform accountability for harmful content moderation
    • Protects digital rights of vulnerable groups including children
    • Establishes cybersecurity standards for critical infrastructure
    Source: Green Party Digital Rights Policy, EU GDPR, Open Rights Group, Electronic Frontier Foundation, UN Digital Cooperation, Internet Society
  • Fact-checking and disinformation regulation
    • Creates independent fact-checking organisation for political claims
    • French cross-party fact-checking model shows successful implementation
    • Requires social media platforms to label and reduce distribution of false content
    • Creates transparency in political advertising and microtargeting
    • Supports media literacy education in schools and adult education
    • Establishes clear rules against foreign interference in elections
    • Creates rapid response unit for election-related disinformation
    • Builds public resilience against manipulation and conspiracy theories
    • Requires provenance labelling for AI-generated political content
    • Creates independent social media content oversight board
    • Ensures platform algorithms don't amplify harmful content
    • Supports independent research into disinformation networks
    Source: Green Party Information Policy, French Cross-Party Fact Checking, First Draft News, EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, Stanford Internet Observatory
  • Community media support and local broadcasting
    • Creates £50 million fund for community radio and television stations
    • Supports 500 community media outlets serving diverse communities
    • Provides training and equipment for community journalists
    • Ensures spectrum allocation for non-commercial community use
    • Creates hyperlocal news networks covering neighbourhood issues
    • Supports minority language and community of interest broadcasting
    • Builds local storytelling and cultural preservation capacity
    • Creates 5,000 jobs in community media production and management
    • Provides digital infrastructure for community media streaming
    • Ensures community access to local television and radio facilities
    • Creates partnerships between community media and local schools
    • Supports investigative journalism on local corruption and issues
    Source: Green Party Community Media Policy, Community Media Association, Ofcom Community Radio Fund, UNESCO Community Media, Alliance for Community Media
Climate Emergency & Nature Restoration: "The climate crisis is the greatest threat humanity has ever faced. We will take the action needed to limit heating to 1.5°C while restoring our natural world for future generations."
  • Net zero by 2040 at the latest, with ambitious 75% reduction by 2030 from 1990 levels
    • Avoids £20 billion annually in climate damage costs by 2050 (Climate Change Committee)
    • Creates 1.2 million jobs in renewable energy and energy efficiency
    • Improves air quality saving NHS £1.7 billion annually in respiratory treatment
    • Positions UK as global climate leader attracting green investment
    • Prevents 5,900 annual premature deaths from air pollution by 2030
    • Reduces NHS pressure by decreasing climate-related health emergencies
    Source: Green Party Climate Policy, Climate Change Committee, Lancet Countdown, Royal College of Physicians
  • Ban all new fossil fuel projects including oil and gas extraction, fracking and coal mining
    • Existing fossil fuel reserves already exceed carbon budget for 1.5°C (IPCC)
    • Prevents £11 billion in stranded assets as world transitions from fossil fuels
    • Reduces air pollution preventing 40,000 premature deaths annually in UK
    • Accelerates renewable investment creating more sustainable jobs
    • Eliminates methane leaks from fossil infrastructure, 84x more potent than CO2
    • Protects communities from health impacts of fossil fuel extraction and transport
    Source: Green Party Fossil Fuel Policy, IPCC Reports, Carbon Tracker Initiative, Global Carbon Project
  • 100% renewable electricity by 2030 through massive expansion of wind, solar and tidal power
    • Ends dependence on volatile international gas markets saving £50 billion on imports
    • Creates 400,000 jobs in renewable energy manufacturing and installation
    • Reduces electricity costs long-term as renewables become cheapest energy source
    • Builds UK expertise in growing global renewable energy market
    • UK offshore wind potential of 100GW could power every home 3 times over
    • Solar power now costs 89% less than decade ago, making it economically optimal
    Source: Green Party Energy Policy, International Renewable Energy Agency, Energy & Climate Intelligence Unit, Carbon Trust
  • National home insulation programme retrofitting all homes to highest energy efficiency standards
    • Eliminates fuel poverty for 3.16 million households currently struggling to heat homes
    • Reduces UK gas demand by 25%, enhancing energy security
    • Creates 500,000 skilled jobs in construction and retrofit industries nationwide
    • Saves average household £400 annually on energy bills through improved efficiency
    • Reduces strain on National Grid during peak demand periods
    • Improves health outcomes through warm, dry homes reducing respiratory illnesses
    Source: Green Party Warm Homes Policy, National Energy Action, Association for the Conservation of Energy, Building Research Establishment
  • Plant-based food transition supporting shift to sustainable agriculture and diets
    • Animal agriculture contributes 14.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions (FAO)
    • Plant-based diets reduce land use by 76% and emissions by 49% (Oxford University)
    • Reduces NHS costs by £1.2 billion annually through prevention of diet-related diseases
    • Creates 50,000 jobs in plant-based food production and sustainable agriculture
    • Improves food security by using land more efficiently to feed more people
    • Reduces water usage by 50% compared to meat-heavy diets
    Source: Green Party Food Policy, University of Oxford, Food and Agriculture Organization, NHS Sustainable Development Unit
  • 30% of land and sea protected for nature by 2030 with strong legal protections
    • UK has lost 56% of biodiversity since 1970 - urgent action needed (State of Nature Report)
    • Natural habitats store carbon equivalent to 10 years of UK emissions
    • Creates 20,000 jobs in conservation and land management
    • Protects ecosystem services worth £30 billion annually to UK economy
    • Establishes wildlife corridors connecting fragmented habitats for species survival
    • Implements UN Biodiversity Framework commitments ahead of schedule
    Source: Green Party Nature Policy, State of Nature Report, Natural Capital Committee, UN Convention on Biological Diversity
  • End sewage dumping in rivers with mandatory monitoring and fines
    • Water companies discharged raw sewage 400,000 times in 2020 alone
    • Clean rivers support £2.6 billion angling industry and water sports
    • Protects public health from waterborne diseases and antibiotic resistance
    • Creates 5,000 jobs in water monitoring and river restoration
    • Prevents microplastic and pharmaceutical pollution entering food chain
    • Restores river ecosystems supporting endangered species like otters and kingfishers
    Source: Green Party Water Policy, Environment Agency data, Surfers Against Sewage, Angling Trust
  • Rewilding and reforestation planting 700 million trees by 2030
    • Creates 15,000 jobs in forestry and land management
    • Captures 15 million tonnes of CO2 annually helping meet climate targets
    • Restores wildlife corridors and reverses species decline
    • Reduces flood risk through natural water management saving £3 billion in damages
    • Increases UK forest cover from 13% to 17%, closer to EU average of 38%
    • Creates new native woodlands using climate-resilient species mixtures
    Source: Green Party Tree Policy, Woodland Trust, Committee on Climate Change, Forest Research
  • Marine protection expansion creating 30% highly protected marine areas
    • UK waters host 50% of Europe's grey seal population and 25% of Europe's seabirds
    • Marine Protected Areas increase fish stocks by 450% within 5 years of protection
    • Protects carbon-storing habitats like seagrass meadows and salt marshes
    • Creates 3,000 jobs in marine conservation and sustainable fisheries
    • Restores kelp forests that sequester carbon 35x faster than tropical rainforests
    • Bans destructive bottom trawling in protected areas to preserve seabed habitats
    Source: Green Party Marine Policy, Marine Conservation Society, Blue Marine Foundation, University of York research
  • Species reintroduction programme for beavers, lynx and other native species
    • Beaver reintroduction reduces flood risk through natural dam building
    • Lynx could control deer populations reducing need for costly culling programmes
    • Restores trophic cascades improving overall ecosystem health and resilience
    • Creates wildlife tourism opportunities generating £50 million annually
    • Enhances genetic diversity making ecosystems more resilient to climate change
    • Reintroduces ecosystem engineers that create habitats for other species
    Source: Green Party Rewilding Policy, Rewilding Britain, University of Exeter research, European Safari Company data
  • Plastic pollution elimination with comprehensive single-use plastic ban
    • UK uses 5 million tonnes of plastic annually, with only 32% currently recycled
    • Microplastics found in 100% of marine turtles and 59% of whales examined
    • Reduces £700 million annual cleanup costs for local authorities and water companies
    • Creates 50,000 jobs in reuse systems and alternative material development
    • Prevents plastic chemicals entering human food chain and drinking water
    • Implements "polluter pays" principle making producers responsible for waste
    Source: Green Party Plastics Policy, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, UK Recycling Association, UN Environment Programme
  • Air quality improvement with Clean Air Act establishing legal right to breathe clean air
    • Air pollution causes 40,000 premature deaths annually in UK (Royal College of Physicians)
    • Costs UK economy £20 billion annually through health impacts and lost productivity
    • Clean air zones reduce NO2 pollution by 20-30% within first year of implementation
    • Creates 15,000 jobs in air quality monitoring and pollution control technology
    • Improves children's lung development reducing lifelong health inequalities
    • Aligns with WHO air quality guidelines protecting most vulnerable communities
    Source: Green Party Air Quality Policy, Royal College of Physicians, ClientEarth, World Health Organization
  • Chemical pollution reduction with strict regulation of pesticides and industrial chemicals
    • Neonicotinoid pesticides have caused 75% decline in flying insects since 1990
    • PFAS "forever chemicals" contaminate drinking water for 1.8 million people in England
    • Organic farming increases farmland bird populations by 50% compared to conventional
    • Reduces pesticide use by 50% through integrated pest management approaches
    • Protects pollinator populations essential for 75% of food crops
    • Prevents endocrine-disrupting chemicals affecting human reproductive health
    Source: Green Party Chemicals Policy, Buglife, Pesticide Action Network, Environment Agency water quality reports
  • Circular economy implementation with 70% recycling target and right to repair
    • Circular economy could create 450,000 jobs in repair, reuse and recycling sectors
    • Reduces raw material imports saving £10 billion annually on resource costs
    • Extends product lifetimes through repairability reducing electronic waste
    • Creates local economic opportunities through repair cafes and skill-sharing hubs
    • Reduces carbon emissions from manufacturing by 40% through material efficiency
    • Eliminates planned obsolescence saving consumers £2.4 billion annually
    Source: Green Party Circular Economy Policy, Green Alliance, WRAP, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, Restart Project
  • Agroecological farming transition supporting shift to organic and regenerative practices
    • Regenerative agriculture increases soil organic matter capturing 5-10 tonnes CO2/hectare/year
    • Organic farming supports 30% more species and 50% more pollinators than conventional
    • Reduces agricultural emissions by 40% through eliminated synthetic fertilisers
    • Creates 150,000 jobs in sustainable agriculture and local food networks
    • Improves water retention reducing irrigation needs and drought vulnerability
    • Eliminates antibiotic overuse in livestock reducing antimicrobial resistance
    Source: Green Party Agriculture Policy, Soil Association, Sustainable Food Trust, Rodale Institute research
  • Peatland restoration rewetting 100% of upland peat by 2040
    • UK peatlands store 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon - equivalent to all UK forests
    • Damaged peatlands emit 23 million tonnes CO2 annually - 5% of UK total
    • Restored peatlands improve water quality reducing treatment costs by £30 million
    • Creates 5,000 jobs in upland communities through restoration work
    • Reduces flood risk by slowing water flow from upland catchments
    • Protects rare peatland species like curlew and large heath butterfly
    Source: Green Party Peatland Policy, IUCN UK Peatland Programme, Moors for the Future, Yorkshire Water research
  • Urban green space protection with legal minimum standards for access to nature
    • Access to green space reduces antidepressant prescriptions by 25% in urban areas
    • Urban trees remove 1.3 million tonnes of air pollution annually in UK cities
    • Creates 10,000 jobs in urban forestry and park management
    • Reduces urban heat island effect lowering temperatures by 2-8°C in heatwaves
    • Improves social cohesion and reduces crime in areas with quality green space
    • Provides natural flood management absorbing 30-40% of rainfall
    Source: Green Party Urban Greening Policy, Friends of the Earth, Tree Council, University of Exeter research
  • Climate finance for global south providing £10 billion annually
    • UK is 5th largest historical emitter with responsibility to support climate-vulnerable nations
    • Meets UK's fair share of $100 billion global climate finance commitment
    • Supports renewable energy development preventing fossil fuel infrastructure in global south
    • Builds international cooperation essential for global climate action
    • Creates markets for UK green technology exports worth £20 billion annually
    • Prevents climate migration through sustainable development investment
    Source: Green Party International Policy, UNFCCC, Carbon Brief historical emissions data, ODI
  • Debt cancellation for climate-vulnerable countries
    • Enables climate-vulnerable nations to invest in adaptation instead of debt servicing
    • Supports democratic governance by reducing economic pressures in developing nations
    • Jubilee 2000 campaign showed debt cancellation stimulates sustainable development
    • Creates political goodwill strengthening UK's global climate leadership
    • Reduces economic instability that drives conflict and forced migration
    • Aligns with Pope Francis' call for climate debt justice
    Source: Green Party Debt Justice Policy, Jubilee Debt Campaign, IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD
  • End fossil fuel exports and finance
    • UK provides £4 billion annually in fossil fuel subsidies through export finance
    • Ending support aligns domestic and international climate policies
    • Prevents UK being complicit in fossil fuel development abroad while transitioning at home
    • Redirects support to renewable energy exports creating 50,000 jobs
    • Builds credibility in international climate negotiations
    • Sets example for other developed nations to follow
    Source: Green Party Export Policy, Oil Change International, E3G, Department for International Trade
Health for All: "Restoring our NHS as a comprehensive, publicly owned service free at the point of use. We will invest in preventative healthcare, address health inequalities, ensure everyone receives the care they need when they need it, and build a health service fit for the 21st century that serves people not profit."
  • £30 billion annual funding increase bringing NHS spending to 11% of GDP matching European average
    • UK currently spends 9.9% GDP on health vs Germany 12.8%, France 12.2% and EU average 10.9% (OECD 2023)
    • Every £1 spent on NHS generates £4 in economic activity through job creation and supply chain spending
    • Addresses £10.2 billion maintenance backlog in NHS estates improving safety and efficiency
    • Funds capital investment in new hospitals, equipment and digital infrastructure
    • Reduces waiting lists from record 7.8 million to under 3 million within 2 years
    • Enables NHS to meet growing demand from ageing population and complex health needs
    • Creates 100,000 new NHS jobs across clinical and support roles
    • Prevents service rationing and postcode lotteries in treatment availability
    Source: Green Party NHS Funding Policy, OECD Health Statistics 2023, Office for National Statistics, NHS England, The King's Fund, Health Foundation
  • Complete end to NHS privatisation with all outsourced services brought back in-house by 2028
    • Private providers cost NHS £9.7 billion annually with 10-15% higher costs than equivalent NHS services
    • Eliminates £2.8 billion annual profit extraction from healthcare, redirecting funds to patient care
    • Private Independent Sector Treatment Centres cost 11% more than NHS equivalents (NHS Confederation)
    • Ends conflicts of interest where private providers prioritise profitable procedures over complex cases
    • Restores public trust with 72% of public supporting end to NHS privatisation (We Own It polling)
    • Creates integrated care pathways rather than fragmented profit-driven services
    • Prevents tax avoidance by private healthcare companies operating in NHS
    • Ensures democratic accountability through public ownership and scrutiny
    Source: Green Party NHS Privatisation Policy, NHS Confederation, British Medical Association, We Own It, Centre for Health and the Public Interest, The Lancet
  • Staff pay restoration and improved conditions with 15% pay rise and safe staffing legislation
    • NHS nurses' real pay has fallen 20% since 2010 creating recruitment and retention crisis
    • Reduces £6.2 billion annual spending on agency staff by improving permanent staff retention
    • Improves patient safety - hospitals with better staff-to-patient ratios have 15% lower mortality rates
    • Addresses current 154,000 NHS vacancies (1 in 8 posts) affecting patient care quality
    • Restores nursing bursaries and funds 15,000 additional medical training places annually
    • Implements safe staffing legislation based on acuity not just numbers
    • Reduces burnout - 45% of NHS staff report feeling unwell due to work-related stress
    • Creates career progression pathways and protected training time for all staff
    Source: Green Party NHS Staff Policy, NHS Employers, Health Foundation, Royal College of Nursing, BMA, NHS Staff Survey 2023, The King's Fund
  • Mental health funding parity with 15% of NHS budget dedicated to mental health
    • Mental health problems cost UK economy £118 billion annually (Centre for Mental Health)
    • Early intervention saves £8-£15 for every £1 spent through reduced crisis care and lost productivity
    • Funds 24/7 crisis care in every community eliminating inappropriate police involvement
    • Creates 8,000 additional mental health therapist positions and 500 specialist consultants
    • Ensures maximum 4-week wait for children's mental health services (currently 12+ weeks)
    • Expands talking therapies to reach 2 million more people annually
    • Funds specialist perinatal mental health services in every region
    • Reduces suicide rates through comprehensive prevention strategies
    Source: Green Party Mental Health Policy, Centre for Mental Health, Mind, YoungMinds, Royal College of Psychiatrists, NHS England Mental Health Dashboard
  • £8 billion annual public health investment restoring public health grant cuts since 2015
    • Every £1 spent on public health saves £14 in future treatment costs (Public Health England)
    • Addresses health inequalities where poorest people die 9 years earlier than richest
    • Public health grant cut by 26% per person since 2015/16 in real terms (£1 billion reduction)
    • Funds smoking cessation saving NHS £2.5 billion annually in smoking-related treatments
    • Invests in obesity prevention - obesity costs NHS £6.1 billion annually
    • Creates 15,000 public health specialist roles in local communities
    • Establishes health in all policies approach across government departments
    • Funds community wellness centres in every neighbourhood
    Source: Green Party Public Health Policy, Public Health England, The King's Fund, Health Foundation, Institute of Health Equity, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
  • Integrated health and social care with free personal care for all based on Scottish model
    • Eliminates 13,900 delayed discharges daily saving £500 million annually in bed-blocking costs
    • Provides dignity and security for 1.5 million older people with unmet care needs
    • Reduces pressure on families - 5.4 million people provide unpaid care worth £162 billion annually
    • Scottish model shows 40% reduction in emergency hospital admissions for care recipients
    • Creates 200,000 new social care jobs with proper pay, training and career structure
    • Ends postcode lottery - care quality varies 400% between best and worst local authorities
    • Integrates NHS and social care budgets preventing cost-shifting between services
    • Provides respite care support for 1 million unpaid carers at breaking point
    Source: Green Party Social Care Policy, Scottish Government, The King's Fund, Age UK, Carers UK, NHS England, Skills for Care
  • Healthy environment policies addressing air pollution, housing and active travel
    • Air pollution causes 40,000 premature deaths annually costing NHS £20 billion in treatments
    • Cold homes cause 10,000 excess winter deaths and cost NHS £1.4 billion annually
    • Clean air zones reduce respiratory admissions by 15-20% in first year of implementation
    • Warm home retrofitting reduces winter pressure on NHS services by 30% in retrofitted areas
    • Active travel infrastructure reduces obesity, diabetes and heart disease - cycling saves NHS £250 per person annually
    • Green spaces improve mental health - access to green space reduces antidepressant prescriptions by 25%
    • Reduces health inequalities - poorest communities experience 50% higher pollution levels
    • Creates 50,000 environmental health officer and retrofit assessor jobs
    Source: Green Party Environmental Health Policy, Royal College of Physicians, National Energy Action, Public Health England, Sustrans, Friends of the Earth, UK Health Alliance on Climate Change
  • Dental care restoration with universal NHS dental coverage and emergency access
    • Ends dental deserts where 90% of NHS dentists not accepting new adult patients
    • Prevents 67,000 hospital admissions annually for tooth extractions under general anaesthetic
    • Reduces oral cancers through early detection - 5-year survival increases from 50% to 90% with early diagnosis
    • Improves children's dental health - tooth decay remains leading cause of hospital admissions for children aged 5-9
    • Creates 5,000 new NHS dental positions with fair contracts and guaranteed incomes
    • Funds mobile dental services for rural and underserved communities
    • Expands water fluoridation to reduce tooth decay by 35% in deprived areas
    • Eliminates dental anxiety leading to delayed treatment and worse outcomes
    Source: Green Party Dental Policy, British Dental Association, Health and Social Care Committee, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, NHS Digital, The Nuffield Trust
  • Publicly owned pharmaceutical company producing generic medicines and researching neglected diseases
    • Reduces NHS drug bill by £3.2 billion annually through eliminating private profit margins
    • Ensures supply chain security for 100 essential medicines currently subject to shortages
    • Focuses research on antimicrobial resistance which could cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050
    • Creates 8,000 high-skilled research and manufacturing jobs across UK regions
    • Develops treatments for neglected tropical diseases affecting 1.7 billion people globally
    • Increases UK resilience against future pandemics through domestic vaccine production capacity
    • Produces biosimilars for expensive biologic drugs saving NHS £400 million annually
    • Collaborates with universities and NHS trusts on clinical trials and research
    Source: Green Party Pharmaceutical Policy, Centre for Health and the Public Interest, WHO Essential Medicines List, ABPI, O'Neill Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, The Lancet
  • Medicines price regulation and transparency in drug development costs
    • NHS spends £20.9 billion annually on medicines with costs rising 5.2% yearly
    • Prevents excessive pricing - some cancer drugs cost NHS £100,000 per patient for marginal benefits
    • Ensures value for money through transparent cost-plus pricing and clinical effectiveness reviews
    • Reference pricing based on international benchmarks saves 15-20% on drug costs
    • Supports development of biosimilars and generics increasing competition and reducing prices
    • Ends perverse incentives that prioritise marginally better drugs over cost-effective ones
    • Requires transparency on R&D costs for drugs developed with public research funding
    • Implements value-based pricing ensuring drugs provide meaningful patient benefits
    Source: Green Party Medicines Policy, NICE, WHO Fair Pricing Initiative, Health Service Journal, The Lancet, Office of Fair Trading, The King's Fund
  • Increased medical research funding tripling public investment to £6 billion annually
    • Triples public medical research funding creating world-leading research ecosystem
    • Focuses on antimicrobial resistance, dementia, and climate-related health threats
    • Ensures public access to publicly funded research findings accelerating medical progress
    • Creates 25,000 research positions in universities, NHS trusts and new research institutes
    • Develops UK expertise in genomic medicine, AI diagnostics and personalised treatments
    • Builds clinical trial capacity in underserved regions improving research diversity
    • Establishes 10 specialist research centres for neglected diseases and conditions
    • Funds translational research bridging gap between laboratory discoveries and patient treatments
    Source: Green Party Research Policy, UK Research and Innovation, Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, NHS England, Academy of Medical Sciences, The Francis Crick Institute
  • Publicly owned digital health platform replacing 200+ fragmented private systems
    • Eliminates £800 million annual spending on incompatible private IT systems
    • Creates seamless patient records across primary, secondary and social care
    • Enables secure data sharing for research while protecting patient privacy
    • Reduces administrative burden on clinicians saving 2 hours per day per doctor
    • Supports remote monitoring for 5 million people with long-term conditions
    • Prevents vendor lock-in and ensures system interoperability across UK
    • Develops open-source solutions that can be adapted and improved continuously
    • Creates 10,000 digital health specialist roles across NHS
    Source: Green Party Digital Health Policy, NHS Digital, The King's Fund, National Audit Office, The Health Foundation, The Wachter Review, The Topol Review
  • AI and technology ethics framework ensuring equitable access and human oversight
    • Prevents algorithmic bias in diagnosis and treatment recommendations
    • Ensures human oversight of all AI-assisted clinical decisions maintaining accountability
    • Develops UK leadership in ethical health technology standards and regulation
    • Protects against commercial exploitation of patient data for profit
    • Creates transparent validation processes for new health technologies
    • Ensures digital inclusion so technological advances benefit all patients equally
    • Establishes patient data ownership rights and control over data usage
    • Funds research into AI safety and effectiveness in clinical settings
    Source: Green Party Technology Ethics Policy, Ada Lovelace Institute, Nuffield Council on Bioethics, NHS AI Lab, The Alan Turing Institute, Information Commissioner's Office, The British Medical Journal
  • NHS estate modernisation with £15 billion investment in green hospitals
    • Addresses £10.2 billion maintenance backlog improving patient safety and staff working conditions
    • Builds 40 new hospitals meeting net-zero carbon standards with natural ventilation and lighting
    • Retrofits existing hospitals with energy efficiency measures saving £150 million annually in energy costs
    • Creates healing environments with access to green space improving patient recovery rates
    • Installs renewable energy systems making NHS energy self-sufficient by 2035
    • Reduces NHS carbon footprint - NHS accounts for 4% of England's total carbon emissions
    • Creates 50,000 construction and engineering jobs in green hospital building
    • Improves infection control through modern ventilation and single rooms
    Source: Green Party NHS Estates Policy, NHS Estates, The King's Fund, UK Green Building Council, Committee on Climate Change, Health Care Without Harm
  • Targeted health inequality funding with £5 billion annually for deprived communities
    • People in poorest areas die 9 years earlier and spend 19 more years in ill health (Marmot Review)
    • Every £1 spent on reducing health inequalities saves £4 in healthcare costs and lost productivity
    • Funds community health workers and outreach in underserved areas improving access
    • Addresses social determinants of health including poverty, housing and employment
    • Reduces health inequalities between regions through targeted investment
    • Improves health outcomes for ethnic minority communities experiencing systemic disparities
    • Funds culturally competent healthcare services for diverse communities
    • Creates health justice partnerships linking legal aid with healthcare
    Source: Green Party Health Inequality Policy, Institute of Health Equity, The King's Fund, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Marmot Review 2020, The Health Foundation
  • Mental health support in every school and community
    • 50% of mental health problems established by age 14, 75% by age 24
    • Early intervention saves £8-£15 for every £1 spent through reduced crisis care
    • Creates 10,000 school-based mental health practitioners and wellbeing leads
    • Reduces pressure on CAMHS through preventative support in educational settings
    • Improves educational outcomes - good mental health increases academic achievement by 10-15%
    • Addresses rising mental health crisis - 1 in 6 children now have probable mental health disorder
    • Funds mental health first aid training for all teachers and support staff
    • Creates youth mental health hubs in every community providing drop-in support
    Source: Green Party Mental Health Policy, YoungMinds, Centre for Mental Health, Education Policy Institute, NHS Digital, The Children's Society, Anna Freud Centre
  • Maternity and neonatal service transformation
    • Reduces maternal mortality - black women 4x more likely to die in childbirth than white women
    • Improves continuity of carer reducing preterm births by 24% and neonatal admissions by 19%
    • Funds 3,000 additional midwives to achieve safe staffing levels
    • Expands specialist perinatal mental health services reaching 50,000 more women annually
    • Reduces stillbirth and neonatal death rates by 50% through better monitoring and care
    • Creates community birth centres providing personalised care for low-risk pregnancies
    • Funds research into reducing pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes complications
    • Ensures culturally sensitive care for women from ethnic minority backgrounds
    Source: Green Party Maternity Policy, Royal College of Midwives, MBRRACE-UK, NHS England, The King's Fund, National Childbirth Trust, Birthrights
  • Medical education expansion with 20,000 funded medical school places annually
    • Addresses projected shortfall of 50,000 doctors and 100,000 nurses by 2030 (Health Foundation)
    • Increases medical school places from 9,500 to 20,000 meeting long-term workforce needs
    • Funds tuition fees and living costs for all medical and nursing students
    • Creates 5 new medical schools in underserved regions improving geographic distribution
    • Increases diversity - only 6% of doctors come from working-class backgrounds
    • Develops new roles like physician associates and advanced practitioners
    • Funds continuous professional development for all NHS staff
    • Creates flexible training pathways supporting career changes and return to practice
    Source: Green Party Medical Education Policy, Medical Schools Council, NHS England, Health Foundation, The King's Fund, General Medical Council, Nursing and Midwifery Council
  • International recruitment ethics framework
    • Ends active recruitment from developing countries facing critical health workforce shortages
    • Pays fair compensation to source countries for training costs of recruited staff
    • Provides supported registration and adaptation for internationally trained staff
    • Ensures equal pay and conditions for internationally recruited staff
    • Develops ethical bilateral agreements with source countries
    • Funds health system strengthening in partner countries
    • Creates clear pathways to permanent settlement and citizenship
    • Provides cultural orientation and anti-discrimination training for all staff
    Source: Green Party International Recruitment Policy, WHO Global Code of Practice, NHS Employers, The King's Fund, British Medical Journal, The Health Foundation
Justice System Reform & Democratic Renewal: "Our legal and political reforms are designed to create a more just, equitable and democratic society. We advocate for evidence-based justice policies that prioritise rehabilitation over punishment, comprehensive police accountability, and democratic reforms that give power back to communities. Our proposals are grounded in international human rights standards, successful models from other countries, and the expertise of legal professionals and justice advocates."
  • Proportional representation and voting reform to ensure every vote counts
    • 2024 election saw 71% of votes wasted under First Past the Post (Electoral Reform Society)
    • Countries with proportional representation have higher voter turnout (average 68% vs 61% in FPTP countries)
    • Scottish Parliament's AMS system ensures better regional representation and minority party inclusion
    • Green Party would introduce Single Transferable Vote for all elections as most proportional system
    • Lower voting age to 16 - successful in Scotland and Wales with higher youth engagement
    • Automatic voter registration would enfranchise 9.4 million missing voters (Joseph Rowntree Foundation)
    • Citizens' assemblies proven effective in Ireland (abortion referendum) and France (climate convention)
    • House of Lords replacement with elected regional senate - saving £100 million annually
    • Mandatory voting with "none of the above" option, increasing democratic participation (Australian model)
    • Digital democracy platforms for continuous citizen engagement between elections
    • Recall mechanisms for MPs who breach codes of conduct or lose public confidence
    Source: Electoral Reform Society, International IDEA, Scottish Parliament, Green Party Manifesto 2024, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, OECD, French Constitutional Council, TaxPayers' Alliance, Australian Electoral Commission, mySociety
  • Strengthening anti-corruption measures and political accountability
    • Strengthen Electoral Commission with power to levy larger fines for rule breaches
    • Close "dark money" loopholes in political funding - 40% of Tory donations from unincorporated associations
    • Lobbying register with real-time reporting and cooling-off periods for ministers
    • Independent ethics commission with power to investigate and sanction MPs
    • Extend Freedom of Information Act to cover all private companies delivering public services
    • Whistleblower protection laws matching strongest international standards
    • Transparency International ranks UK 20th in corruption perceptions, down from 11th in 2010
    • Norwegian model of transparency: all tax returns of high earners publicly available
    • Cap political donations at £10,000 per person annually to reduce influence buying
    • Mandatory publication of ministerial diaries and meetings with lobbyists
    • Strengthen the Ministerial Code with independent enforcement mechanism
    Source: Electoral Commission, Committee on Standards in Public Life, Transparency International UK, Green Party Policy, Norwegian Tax Administration, Unlock Democracy, Committee on Standards in Public Life
  • Devolved powers and local democracy strengthening community control
    • English regions with devolved powers similar to Scottish Parliament model
    • Community right to challenge and buyout for local assets and services
    • Participatory budgeting allocating 5% of local council budgets - proven in Portugal and Brazil
    • German federal model shows stronger regional economies through local decision-making
    • Scottish community empowerment legislation enabled 600+ asset transfers since 2015
    • Welsh government's Well-being of Future Generations Act globally recognised as model legislation
    • Northern Ireland's peace process demonstrates power-sharing benefits in divided societies
    • Localism Act 2011 provisions insufficient without adequate funding and enforcement
    • Regional assemblies with tax-raising powers to fund local priorities
    • Community councils with statutory consultation rights on planning and service delivery
    • Right of local recall for police and crime commissioners failing their communities
    Source: Green Party Policy, German Federal Statistics Office, Scottish Government, Welsh Parliament, Northern Ireland Assembly, Institute for Government, New Local Government Network, Local Government Association
  • Reducing prison population through sentencing reform and alternatives
    • UK has highest prison population in Western Europe - 139 per 100,000 vs Germany's 69 (World Prison Brief)
    • 46% of prisoners reconvict within one year of release - rehabilitation failure (Ministry of Justice)
    • End sentences under 12 months - proven ineffective for rehabilitation (Scottish model)
    • Community sentences 8% more effective at reducing reoffending than short prison terms (MoJ)
    • Norwegian approach reduced reoffending to 20% (vs 46% in UK) through humane conditions and rehabilitation
    • Drug courts and mental health courts reduce reoffending by 35% (US Department of Justice)
    • Restorative justice reduces reoffending by 14% and increases victim satisfaction (University of Sheffield)
    • Women's prison population up 15% since 2010 despite falling crime - majority for non-violent offences
    • Abolish indeterminate sentences for public protection (IPPs) - 1,800 still incarcerated beyond tariff
    • Presumption against custody for primary carers of dependent children
    • Judicial discretion restored with sentencing guidelines rather than mandatory minimums
    Source: World Prison Brief, Ministry of Justice, Scottish Government, Norwegian Prison Service, US DOJ, University of Sheffield, Prison Reform Trust, Howard League, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies
  • Prison conditions and rehabilitation focus for effective justice
    • Overcrowding at 115% capacity in English prisons - inhumane conditions (HM Inspectorate of Prisons)
    • Increase officer-to-prisoner ratio from 1:7 to 1:3 for safer environments
    • Educational and vocational training reduces reoffending by 30% (Prison Education Trust)
    • End 23-hour solitary confinement - UN identifies as torture
    • Mental health treatment in prison - 70% of prisoners have mental health issues (Prison Reform Trust)
    • Family visitation rights maintained - reduces reoffending by 39% when family ties preserved
    • Dutch prison model focuses on normalisation and preparation for release
    • Prisoner voting rights in line with European Court of Human Rights rulings
    • Specialist trauma-informed care for victims of abuse and violence in prison
    • Through-the-gate support with mandatory housing and employment assistance
    • Prisoner Ombudsman with powers to investigate complaints and enforce standards
    Source: HM Inspectorate of Prisons, UN Special Rapporteur on Torture, Prison Reform Trust, Prison Education Trust, Dutch Ministry of Justice, European Court of Human Rights, NAPO, Clinks, Prisoners' Education Trust
  • Youth justice and prevention addressing root causes
    • Raise age of criminal responsibility from 10 to 14 in line with Scotland and most European countries
    • Youth offending teams funding increased by 50% after cuts of 40% since 2010
    • Scandinavian model: focus on welfare and education over punishment for young offenders
    • Youth violence reduction through public health approach - Glasgow model reduced knife crime by 50%
    • End school exclusions pipeline to prison - excluded children 4x more likely to be jailed
    • Trauma-informed approaches in youth justice - 90% of young offenders experienced childhood trauma
    • Youth diversion programmes show 30% reduction in reoffending (Youth Justice Board)
    • Invest in youth services cut by 70% since 2010 - correlation with rising youth violence
    • Abolish youth custody except for most serious violent offences
    • Mandatory child-first approach in all youth justice interventions
    • Specialist youth courts with judges trained in adolescent development
    Source: Scottish Parliament, Youth Justice Board, Glasgow Violence Reduction Unit, Children's Commissioner, Young Minds, Centre for Mental Health, UK Youth, Alliance for Youth Justice
  • Women in the justice system - gender-specific approaches
    • 84% of women in prison sentenced for non-violent offences (Prison Reform Trust)
    • 57% of women in prison report having experienced domestic abuse
    • Women more likely to receive short sentences - 79% under 12 months
    • Community-based Women's Centres more effective at reducing reoffending than custody
    • Trauma-informed approaches for women who have experienced abuse and violence
    • Mother and Baby Units in all women's prisons with improved facilities
    • Divert pregnant women and primary carers from custody except for serious violence
    • Specialist women's probation services with focus on holistic support
    Source: Prison Reform Trust, Women in Prison, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, NOMS Women's Policy Group
  • Police accountability and oversight rebuilding public trust
    • Strengthen Independent Office for Police Conduct with power to compel testimony and discipline
    • Mandatory body-worn cameras for all frontline officers with strict usage protocols
    • Community oversight boards with power to review complaints and set local policing priorities
    • End impunity for police misconduct - less than 1% of complaints result in disciplinary action (IOPC)
    • Canadian model of civilian oversight with investigative powers and public hearings
    • Demilitarisation of police - end routine arming of officers unlike US model
    • Independent legal representation for complainants in police misconduct cases
    • Transparency in police stop and search data with mandatory demographic recording
    • Robust vetting procedures to prevent officers with histories of misconduct joining forces
    • Mandatory duty to intervene when colleagues use excessive force
    • National database of disciplined officers to prevent "force hopping"
    Source: Independent Office for Police Conduct, Home Office, College of Policing, Canadian Civilian Review Commission, Liberty, Inquest, StopWatch, Police Federation
  • Racial justice and ending discrimination in policing
    • Black people 9x more likely to be stopped and searched than white people (Home Office)
    • Implement Lammy Review recommendations in full - still only partially adopted
    • End gang matrix - disproportionately targets young black men and violates data protection
    • Mandatory anti-racism training for all officers with independent evaluation
    • Diverse recruitment targets to make police reflect communities they serve
    • US Justice Department pattern and practice investigations model for institutional racism
    • Independent review of all deaths in police custody - families given equal legal funding
    • German model: citizenship-based recruitment to increase diversity in police forces
    • BAME representation targets for police leadership roles
    • Independent racial justice auditors for each police force
    • Community-led reviews of police practices with binding recommendations
    Source: Home Office, Lammy Review, Amnesty International, Liberty, Inquest, US Department of Justice, German Interior Ministry, Runnymede Trust, Operation Black Vote
  • Community policing and prevention approaches
    • Increase neighbourhood policing to 1980s levels - cut by 50% since 2010
    • Problem-oriented policing focused on root causes rather than reactive responses
    • Mental health crisis teams with medical rather than police response - successful in Oregon
    • Divert 50% of police budget to community services, mental health and youth provision
    • Dutch "community police officers" know local residents and build trust relationships
    • Restorative justice programmes in schools reduce exclusion and criminalisation
    • Drug consumption rooms reduce public drug use and overdose deaths (European evidence)
    • Housing-first approaches to homelessness reduce associated policing costs by 60%
    • Domestic abuse specialists in every neighbourhood policing team
    • Co-production of community safety plans with residents and local organisations
    • Evidence-based violence reduction units in all police force areas
    Source: Home Office, Oregon Crisis Assistance Team, Dutch National Police, Transform Drug Policy, Crisis, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, University of Cambridge, College of Policing
  • Legal aid and access to justice reforms
    • Reverse Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 cuts - left 80% without access
    • Restore legal aid for early advice - saves £10 for every £1 spent (Law Society)
    • Increase legal aid fees to sustainable levels - 40% of duty solicitors quit since 2010
    • Nordic model of comprehensive legal aid covering 80% of population vs UK's 20%
    • Technology-enabled legal advice through online courts and video consultations
    • Community law centres funding restored after 50% cuts since 2010
    • Pro bono requirements for large law firms to serve underserved communities
    • Specialist housing courts to prevent evictions and homelessness
    • Legal aid for immigration cases restored to prevent injustice
    • Expansion of legal aid for welfare benefit appeals and employment tribunals
    • Simplified court procedures for litigants in person with proper support
    Source: Law Society, Legal Aid Agency, Bar Council, Nordic Council of Ministers, Ministry of Justice, Legal Action Group, Shelter, JCWI, Law Centres Network
  • Human rights protection and constitutional safeguards
    • Protect Human Rights Act from repeal and incorporate additional economic and social rights
    • Constitutional convention to establish written constitution with environmental protection
    • UK remains in European Convention on Human Rights - 80% of public support maintaining rights
    • Environmental justice rights enabling citizens to sue government for climate inaction
    • Digital rights and privacy protections in line with EU GDPR standards
    • Strengthen Equality Act with socio-economic duty and intersectional discrimination
    • Rights of nature legislation recognising legal personhood for ecosystems (New Zealand model)
    • Whistleblower protection matching EU standards for comprehensive coverage
    • Incorporation of UN Convention on the Rights of the Child into domestic law
    • Statutory protection for freedom of protest and assembly
    • Right to healthy environment in UK constitutional framework
    Source: British Institute of Human Rights, EHRC, YouGov, New Zealand Parliament, EU GDPR, UN Special Rapporteur, Protect (whistleblowing charity), Children's Commissioner, Friends of the Earth
  • Court system and judicial reforms for fair proceedings
    • Reduce court backlogs - Crown Court waiting times doubled since 2010 to 2 years
    • Increase judicial diversity - only 1% of judges black vs 14% of population
    • Specialist environmental courts to handle climate litigation and planning appeals
    • Victims' rights strengthened with enforceable entitlements to support and information
    • Digital modernisation of courts while maintaining in-person access for vulnerable users
    • Scottish "not proven" verdict provides additional option for juries in difficult cases
    • Expert scientific review panels for complex technical cases (patents, environmental)
    • Small claims limit increased to improve access to justice for middle-income claimants
    • Specialist domestic abuse courts with trained judiciary and support services
    • Modernisation of court language and procedures to improve public understanding
    • Independent evaluation of court modernisation programmes for accessibility
    Source: Ministry of Justice, Judicial Appointments Commission, Scottish Courts, Victims' Commissioner, Law Commission, Legal Education Foundation, Women's Aid, Plain English Campaign
  • Workers' rights and trade union protections
    • Repeal Trade Union Act 2016 and anti-strike legislation restricting democratic rights
    • Strengthen collective bargaining rights - UK has 4th lowest union density in OECD
    • Sectoral bargaining establishing minimum standards across industries
    • Right to disconnect protecting workers from out-of-hours contact
    • Four-day working week with no loss of pay - trials show 20% productivity increase
    • Equal pay audits mandatory for all employers with 50+ employees
    • Zero-hours contracts banned - 3.7 million workers lack secure hours
    • German model of worker representation on company boards improves productivity
    • Statutory right to flexible working from day one of employment
    • Strengthened rights for gig economy workers with employee status
    • Increased statutory sick pay and removal of waiting days
    Source: TUC, OECD, 4 Day Week Campaign, Equality and Human Rights Commission, Resolution Foundation, German Works Constitution Act, Institute for Employment Rights, ACAS, Living Wage Foundation
  • Corporate accountability and economic crime
    • Strengthen Corporate Manslaughter Act with individual director liability
    • Unexplained Wealth Orders expanded and properly funded - only 9 issued since 2018
    • Failure to Prevent economic crime offence for corporations
    • Whistleblower rewards for exposing corporate fraud and wrongdoing
    • Directors' fitness tests and professional registration requirements
    • Strengthen Serious Fraud Office funding and independence
    • Public register of company beneficial ownership fully transparent
    • Criminal sanctions for companies that avoid paying living wage
    • Strengthened anti-money laundering regulations with proper enforcement
    • Mandatory corporate climate risk reporting and liability for environmental damage
    • Directors' duties expanded to include environmental and social responsibilities
    Source: Centre for Corporate Accountability, Transparency International, Serious Fraud Office, Whistleblowing UK, Corporate Accountability Network, Living Wage Foundation, Global Witness, Good Law Project
Evidence-Based Drug Policy for Public Health & Harm Reduction: "The Green Party advocates for a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to drug policy that prioritises public health over criminalisation. We support the legal regulation of drugs, treating addiction as a health issue rather than a criminal one, and implementing harm reduction strategies that have proven successful internationally. Our policies are grounded in scientific evidence, human rights principles, and practical solutions that reduce drug-related harm in our communities."
  • Public health approach to drug use endorsed by medical organisations
    • British Medical Association supports decriminalisation of drug possession for personal use (BMA 2022)
    • Royal Society for Public Health advocates for public health approach to drugs, citing Portugal's success
    • World Health Organisation recommends harm reduction as essential component of drug policy
    • Lancet Commission on Drug Policy and Health concludes criminalisation increases health harms
    • UK Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs states enforcement should focus on serious crime, not users
    • American Public Health Association endorses decriminalisation and harm reduction approaches
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction shows harm reduction saves lives and money
    • Global Commission on Drug Policy (including former world leaders) calls for legal regulation of drugs
    Source: British Medical Association, Royal Society for Public Health, World Health Organisation, The Lancet, ACMD, APHA, EMCDDA, Global Commission on Drug Policy
  • Cannabis legalisation backed by therapeutic evidence
    • NICE guidelines approve cannabis-based medicines for specific conditions including epilepsy and MS
    • UK government legalised medical cannabis in 2018 following high-profile cases of therapeutic benefit
    • Over 100 peer-reviewed studies demonstrate cannabis efficacy for chronic pain management
    • Multiple sclerosis patients report significant symptom relief from cannabis-based treatments
    • Epilepsy patients experience reduced seizure frequency with CBD treatment
    • Cancer patients use cannabis to manage chemotherapy side effects including nausea
    • PTSD patients show symptom improvement with cannabis treatment in clinical studies
    • Chronic pain patients reduce opioid use when cannabis is available (JAMA research)
    Source: NICE, UK Government, Journal of the American Medical Association, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Epilepsy Research, Cancer Research UK, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
  • Harm reduction strategies with proven effectiveness
    • Supervised consumption rooms prevent overdose deaths - zero fatalities in 100+ facilities worldwide
    • Needle exchange programmes reduce HIV transmission by up to 50% (Cochrane Review)
    • Naloxone distribution to drug users and families saves lives - 27,000 reversals reported in US annually
    • Drug checking services reduce overdose risk by identifying potent substances
    • Heroin-assisted treatment reduces illicit drug use and crime among treatment-resistant users
    • Drug consumption rooms connect users with health services and treatment options
    • Portugal's decriminalisation reduced drug-related deaths and HIV infection rates
    • Switzerland's heroin-assisted treatment programme reduced overdose deaths by 50%
    Source: International Journal of Drug Policy, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Harm Reduction Journal, EMCDDA, Portuguese Ministry of Health, Swiss Federal Office of Public Health
  • Decriminalisation models successfully implemented worldwide
    • Portugal decriminalised all drugs in 2001 - drug-related deaths fell 80% in following years
    • Czech Republic decriminalisation reduced prison population and increased treatment uptake
    • Uruguay legalised cannabis in 2013 - reduced drug trafficking and created regulated market
    • Canada's cannabis legalisation eliminated illegal market share from 90% to 40% in 3 years
    • Several US states legalised cannabis with positive outcomes including tax revenue and job creation
    • Netherlands' coffee shop model reduced problematic drug use compared to neighbouring countries
    • Oregon decriminalised all drugs in 2020, redirecting cannabis tax revenue to treatment services
    • Spain's cannabis social clubs provide non-commercial access while reducing illegal market
    Source: Portuguese Drug Policy Evaluation, Czech National Monitoring Centre, Uruguay IRCCA, Statistics Canada, US State Health Departments, EMCDDA, Oregon Health Authority, Spanish Cannabis Research
  • Legal regulation frameworks demonstrating positive outcomes
    • Colorado cannabis legalisation generated $2.2 billion in tax revenue since 2014
    • Canadian legal cannabis market created 98,000 jobs in first 2 years
    • California cannabis regulation includes social equity programmes for communities harmed by drug war
    • Washington state saw no increase in youth cannabis use post-legalisation
    • Netherlands' regulated cannabis approach maintains lower use rates than US prohibition states
    • Uruguay's state-controlled cannabis model eliminated violent drug market competition
    • Medical cannabis programmes in 36 US states demonstrate regulatory feasibility
    • Jamaica's ganja legalisation for religious and medical use respected cultural traditions
    Source: Colorado Department of Revenue, Statistics Canada, California Cannabis Control, Washington State Health, EMCDDA, Uruguay Government, JAMA, Jamaican Cannabis Licensing Authority
  • Harm reduction programmes saving lives globally
    • Switzerland's heroin-assisted treatment programme reduced street-based drug use by 82%
    • Vancouver's Insite supervised consumption facility prevented 3,500 overdose deaths
    • Germany's drug consumption rooms connect 70% of users with addiction treatment
    • Australia's needle exchange programme prevented estimated 32,000 HIV infections
    • Norway's decriminalisation proposal backed by all political parties after reviewing evidence
    • Denmark's drug consumption facilities reduced public drug use and discarded needles
    • France established first official consumption room in Paris after evaluating international evidence
    • British Columbia's safer supply programme reduced overdose deaths during fentanyl crisis
    Source: Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Vancouver Coastal Health, German Drug Commissioner, Australian National Council on Drugs, Norwegian Government, Danish Health Authority, French Ministry of Health, BC Centre on Substance Use
  • Cannabis legalisation and regulation
    • Legalise and regulate cannabis for adult use through licensed premises (Green Party 2024 Manifesto)
    • Establish Cannabis Regulation Authority to oversee production, quality control and sales
    • Allow home cultivation of limited cannabis plants for personal use
    • Implement social equity programmes prioritising licences for communities harmed by prohibition
    • Tax cannabis revenue to fund drug education, treatment and community programmes
    • Expunge criminal records for previous cannabis possession offences
    • Regulate cannabis similarly to alcohol with age restrictions and driving regulations
    • Support British farmers to transition to legal cannabis cultivation
    Source: Green Party of England and Wales Manifesto 2024, Green Party Drug Policy 2023, Cannabis: Green Party Policy for a Regulated Market
  • Decriminalisation of drug possession
    • Decriminalise possession of all drugs for personal use (Green Party Policy 2023)
    • Replace criminal penalties with health-based responses and voluntary treatment
    • Divert people who use drugs from criminal justice system to health services
    • End routine police stops and searches for drug possession
    • Establish drug safety testing services at festivals and city centres
    • Implement early warning systems about dangerous drug supplies
    • Fund peer-led harm reduction services and outreach programmes
    • Protect people from discrimination in employment and housing based on drug use
    Source: Green Party Drug Policy 2023, Green Party Conference 2022 Resolution, Green Party Health Policy
  • Harm reduction and treatment services
    • Establish supervised drug consumption facilities across the UK
    • Expand needle and syringe exchange programmes nationwide
    • Provide naloxone to drug users, families and emergency services
    • Fund evidence-based drug treatment including opioid substitution therapy
    • Create heroin-assisted treatment programmes for treatment-resistant users
    • Implement drug checking services to reduce overdose risks
    • Develop integrated services addressing mental health and substance use
    • Support trauma-informed care and peer support programmes
    Source: Green Party Health Policy, Green Party 2024 Manifesto, Green Party Conference 2021 Resolution
  • "Legalisation will increase drug use" - Evidence shows stable or reduced use
    • Portugal's drug use rates remain below European average after decriminalisation
    • Colorado youth cannabis use decreased post-legalisation (Colorado Health Department)
    • Netherlands has lower cannabis use rates than neighbouring prohibition countries
    • Uruguay saw no increase in cannabis use among adolescents after legalisation
    • Canadian adult cannabis use increased slightly while youth use remained stable
    • Regulation allows for quality control and accurate dosage information
    • Legal markets reduce exposure to criminal elements and harder drugs
    • Education programmes in regulated markets are more effective than "just say no"
    Source: EMCDDA, Colorado Department of Public Health, Netherlands Trimbos Institute, Uruguay IRCCA, Statistics Canada, Journal of Drug Policy
  • "Decriminalisation increases crime" - Evidence shows crime reduction
    • Portugal saw reduction in drug-related crime after decriminalisation
    • US states with legal cannabis saw decrease in violent crime (Journal of Economic Behaviour)
    • Regulated markets eliminate illegal drug market violence
    • Police resources freed to focus on serious and violent crime
    • Reduced prison populations save money and reduce criminal networks
    • Fewer criminal records improve employment prospects and reduce recidivism
    • Community relations with police improve when drug use treated as health issue
    • Property crime decreases when people can access regulated substances legally
    Source: Portuguese Ministry of Justice, Journal of Economic Behaviour & Organisation, US FBI Crime Statistics, UK Home Office, Prison Reform Trust
  • "Harm reduction encourages drug use" - Evidence shows it saves lives
    • Supervised consumption facilities have never had a fatal overdose
    • Needle exchanges reduce disease transmission without increasing drug use
    • Drug checking services help people make informed decisions about substance use
    • Naloxone distribution saves lives without increasing opioid use
    • Harm reduction services connect people with treatment options
    • Portugal's decriminalisation reduced drug-related deaths and HIV rates
    • Switzerland's heroin-assisted treatment reduced illegal drug use and crime
    • Vancouver's Insite facility provides healthcare to marginalised populations
    Source: International Journal of Drug Policy, Harm Reduction Journal, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Portuguese National Health Service, Swiss Federal Office of Public Health
  • Economic benefits of legal regulation
    • UK illegal drug market estimated at £9.4 billion annually (Home Office)
    • Legal cannabis market could generate £3.5 billion in tax revenue (Institute for Economic Affairs)
    • Colorado collected over $2.2 billion in cannabis tax revenue since 2014
    • California cannabis market employs 83,000 people
    • Canada's legal cannabis industry contributed $43.5 billion to GDP in first 3 years
    • Cost of drug enforcement in UK estimated at £1.9 billion annually
    • Prison costs for drug offences average £40,000 per prisoner annually
    • Medical cannabis could save NHS money on prescription drugs and pain management
    Source: UK Home Office, Institute for Economic Affairs, Colorado Department of Revenue, California Cannabis Control, Statistics Canada, Ministry of Justice, NHS England
  • Social justice and equity benefits
    • Black people are 9 times more likely to be stopped and searched for drugs (Release)
    • Drug decriminalisation reduces racial disparities in criminal justice system
    • Expungement of drug records improves employment and housing opportunities
    • Social equity programmes in legal markets address historical injustices
    • Community reinvestment of cannabis taxes funds programmes in affected areas
    • Reduced police contact improves community relations and trust
    • Medical cannabis access reduces health inequalities for chronic conditions
    • Harm reduction services reach marginalised populations with healthcare
    Source: Release, UK Government Ethnicity Facts and Figures, US Sentencing Commission, California Social Equity Programme, Colorado Marijuana Tax Cash Fund, Police Foundation, Health Foundation
  • Public health and safety benefits
    • Regulated products have quality control and accurate potency information
    • Legal markets reduce contamination and adulteration risks
    • Education in regulated markets focuses on responsible use and harm reduction
    • Age restrictions in legal markets reduce youth access
    • Medical supervision improves safety for people who use drugs
    • Reduced stigma encourages people to seek help for problematic use
    • Integrated services address underlying issues like mental health and trauma
    • Early intervention prevents development of more serious substance use disorders
    Source: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, International Journal of Drug Policy, Public Health England, Canadian Centre on Substance Use, Drug Science
Strong Local Communities: "Building communities where everyone has a home, support when they need it, and power over their local area. We will create thriving, resilient communities with affordable housing, local services, and genuine democratic control over local decisions."
  • 150,000 new social homes built every year to the highest environmental standards
    • Saves £1.5 billion annually in housing benefit costs by providing affordable social housing
    • Creates 150,000 construction jobs and supports local supply chains
    • Reduces homelessness saving £26,000 per person annually in emergency services
    • Improves health outcomes through stable, warm housing reducing NHS costs
    • Addresses the 1.2 million households on social housing waiting lists in England alone
    • Every £1 invested in social housing generates £2.84 in economic benefits through job creation and reduced welfare costs
    • Passivhaus standards reduce energy bills by 90% for residents while eliminating fuel poverty
    • Creates mixed communities preventing social segregation and promoting community cohesion
    Source: Green Party Housing Policy, Shelter, National Housing Federation, Building Research Establishment, Passivhaus Trust, National Audit Office
  • Rent controls linking increases to average wages or inflation, whichever is lower
    • Prevents displacement and maintains community stability
    • Puts £2.8 billion back into local economies through reduced housing costs
    • Scottish experience shows rent controls can work without reducing supply
    • Reduces pressure on local services through stable communities
    • Private rents have increased 35% since 2010 while wages grew only 20%
    • Berlin's 5-year rent freeze showed 11% reduction in rents for 1.5 million households
    • Prevents landlord profiteering during housing crises
    • Creates predictable housing costs enabling long-term community planning
    Source: Green Party Rent Control Policy, Scottish Government Evaluation, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Office for National Statistics, Berlin Senate Department, Resolution Foundation
  • Community power giving local people control over planning and local budgets
    • Increases civic engagement and community cohesion
    • Ensures development meets local needs rather than developer profits
    • Successful models like participatory budgeting show 20% higher satisfaction
    • Builds local resilience and capacity for self-governance
    • Participatory budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil reduced infant mortality by 20% through better resource allocation
    • Community-led planning prevents inappropriate development and protects local character
    • Creates 5,000 community organiser roles to support local democracy
    • Digital platforms enable broader participation beyond traditional meetings
    Source: Green Party Community Power Policy, Participatory Budgeting Project, New Local Government Network, World Bank Participation Studies, mySociety
  • Community land trusts creating permanently affordable housing and community assets
    • Removes land from speculative market ensuring permanent affordability
    • Creates 500 community land trusts managing 50,000 homes by 2035
    • CLT homes cost 40-50% less than market equivalents while maintaining quality
    • Residents have security of tenure and democratic control over management
    • Successful US model shows CLTs have 90% lower foreclosure rates than market housing
    • Creates intergenerational community wealth rather than individual landlord profits
    • Enables community ownership of shops, pubs and green spaces preventing closures
    • Supports self-build communities with custom-designed affordable housing
    Source: Green Party Community Land Policy, Community Land Trust Network, National CLT Network, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, US Department of Housing and Urban Development
  • Empty homes tax on properties vacant for more than 6 months
    • Brings 250,000 long-term empty homes back into use within 5 years
    • Generates £1.2 billion annually for local authority housing programmes
    • Reduces housing scarcity in high-demand areas without new construction
    • Vancouver's empty homes tax brought 32% of vacant properties back to rental market
    • Prevents property speculation and overseas investment in empty "safe deposit boxes in the sky"
    • Creates 15,000 jobs in renovation and repair of brought-back homes
    • Improves street vitality and reduces anti-social behaviour around empty properties
    • Supports local businesses through increased resident populations
    Source: Green Party Empty Homes Policy, Action on Empty Homes, Vancouver City Council, Centre for Cities, Federation of Master Builders
  • Participatory budgeting giving communities control over 10% of local authority spending
    • Gives communities direct control over £4 billion of local spending annually
    • Increases civic participation with 20-30% higher engagement in decision-making
    • Brazilian Porto Alegre model shows reduced corruption and improved services
    • Ensures development meets local needs rather than corporate interests
    • Builds community cohesion and local problem-solving capacity
    • Creates more equitable distribution of public resources
    • Successful UK pilots in Glasgow, Bradford and Camden show positive outcomes
    • Develops civic skills and political confidence in local communities
    Source: Green Party Local Democracy Policy, Participatory Budgeting Project, New Economics Foundation, Local Government Association, World Bank Participation Studies
  • Community right to buy giving first refusal on publicly owned assets
    • Gives communities first refusal on publicly owned assets being sold
    • Enables community ownership of pubs, shops, libraries and green spaces
    • Creates 1,000 community-owned assets protecting local services
    • Scottish Land Reform Act shows successful community right to buy model
    • Builds community wealth and keeps profits circulating locally
    • Protects essential services from privatisation and closure
    • Creates 10,000 jobs in community enterprises and cooperatives
    • Develops local leadership and organisational capacity
    Source: Green Party Community Rights Policy, Community Land Trust Network, Plunkett Foundation, Scottish Land Commission, Locality, Power to Change
  • Neighbourhood assemblies creating hyperlocal decision-making bodies
    • Creates 5,000 neighbourhood assemblies with powers over local planning and services
    • Enables decisions at appropriate scale from street level upwards
    • Paris neighbourhood councils show successful hyperlocal democracy with 40% citizen participation
    • Reduces democratic deficit in communities feeling disconnected from town hall
    • Improves representation of diverse voices including young people and minorities
    • Creates 20,000 paid community organiser positions to support local democracy
    • Builds social capital and community networks
    • Enables rapid response to local issues without bureaucratic delays
    Source: Green Party Neighbourhood Democracy Policy, Paris Mairie System, New Local Government Network, Democratic Society, Nesta Democracy Pioneers
  • Recall powers for local representatives enabling community accountability
    • Allows constituents to trigger by-elections for underperforming councillors
    • Requires 20% of electorate signature to activate recall process
    • California recall system shows mechanism can hold politicians accountable
    • Prevents safe seat complacency and improves constituency service
    • Ensures representatives remain responsive between elections
    • Complements rather than replaces regular electoral cycles
    • Includes safeguards against frivolous or partisan recalls
    • Builds public confidence in democratic accountability
    Source: Green Party Accountability Policy, California Secretary of State, Institute for Government, Democratic Audit, Committee on Standards in Public Life
  • Community hubs in every neighbourhood providing integrated local services
    • Creates 5,000 community hubs in libraries, schools and vacant buildings
    • Co-locates health, benefits, employment and social services reducing duplication
    • Improves service access for elderly, disabled and transport-poor residents
    • Canadian community hub model shows 30% better service outcomes at 20% lower cost
    • Creates 25,000 jobs in community coordination and service delivery
    • Reduces social isolation through shared community spaces and activities
    • Provides digital access and support for digitally excluded residents
    • Enables peer support and community self-help networks
    Source: Green Party Community Services Policy, Canadian Urban Institute, Locality, The Young Foundation, New Economics Foundation, Power to Change
  • Protection of local services from cuts and privatisation
    • Prevents closure of essential local services like post offices, banks and libraries
    • Creates legal duty to consider community impact before service changes
    • German municipal service guarantee ensures basic services in all communities
    • Protects rural and isolated communities from service withdrawal
    • Maintains 15-minute neighbourhood access to essential services
    • Prevents creation of "service deserts" in deprived areas
    • Supports local economies by maintaining footfall and service access
    • Creates community ownership models for threatened services
    Source: Green Party Local Services Policy, German Basic Services Law, Rural Services Network, Action with Communities in Rural England, Plunkett Foundation
  • Community transport networks ensuring mobility for all
    • Creates 1,000 community transport services in rural and isolated areas
    • Provides accessible transport for elderly, disabled and low-income residents
    • Reduces social isolation and enables access to essential services
    • Swedish rural transport model shows 80% user satisfaction at 40% of commercial cost
    • Creates 5,000 driver and coordinator jobs in community transport
    • Uses electric and accessible vehicles reducing emissions and barriers
    • Supports volunteer driver schemes with proper training and expenses
    • Integrates with public transport for seamless journeys
    Source: Green Party Community Transport Policy, Community Transport Association, Swedish Transport Administration, Campaign for Better Transport, Age UK
  • Local food networks supporting community gardens and food sovereignty
    • Creates 10,000 community gardens and urban farms on unused land
    • Supports 500 community-supported agriculture schemes connecting growers and eaters
    • Improves food security in "food deserts" with poor fresh food access
    • Detroit urban agriculture movement created 1,500 community gardens feeding 20% residents
    • Reduces food miles and packaging waste through local distribution
    • Creates 15,000 jobs in local food production and distribution
    • Improves nutrition and reduces diet-related health conditions
    • Builds community connections through shared growing and eating
    Source: Green Party Local Food Policy, Sustainable Food Places, Food Matters, Detroit Black Community Food Security Network, Soil Association, Federation of City Farms and Community Gardens
  • Community-led safety initiatives replacing aggressive policing with preventative approaches
    • Funds 1,000 community safety partnerships with local decision-making
    • Focuses on crime prevention through social solutions not just enforcement
    • Glasgow's Violence Reduction Unit reduced homicides by 60% through public health approach
    • Builds trust between communities and authorities improving cooperation
    • Reduces disproportionate policing of minority communities
    • Creates 5,000 community safety coordinator roles
    • Supports youth programmes and diversionary activities
    • Addresses root causes of crime including poverty and lack of opportunity
    Source: Green Party Community Safety Policy, Glasgow Violence Reduction Unit, Transform Justice, The Howard League, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies
  • Mental health support in every community
    • Creates 500 community mental health hubs providing drop-in support
    • Reduces pressure on NHS services through early community intervention
    • Improves access for groups less likely to use traditional services
    • Australian Headspace model shows 70% improvement in youth mental health outcomes
    • Creates 10,000 peer support worker positions with lived experience
    • Provides non-medical approaches including social prescribing and green therapy
    • Reduces stigma through community-based normalised support
    • Builds community resilience and mutual support networks
    Source: Green Party Community Mental Health Policy, Mind, YoungMinds, Australian Headspace, Mental Health Foundation, Centre for Mental Health
  • Community energy projects creating local ownership of renewable generation
    • Creates 1,000 community energy cooperatives owning local renewable generation
    • Keeps energy profits circulating locally rather than shareholder extraction
    • German model shows 50% of renewable energy can be community-owned
    • Reduces fuel poverty through local affordable energy schemes
    • Creates 15,000 jobs in community energy development and management
    • Builds energy resilience through local generation and storage
    • Increases public support for renewable energy through local benefits
    • Provides 3-5% returns to local investors funding clean energy transition
    Source: Green Party Community Energy Policy, Community Energy England, German Energy Transition Study, Co-operatives UK, Regen, Energy4All
  • Digital community networks ensuring universal broadband access
    • Creates 500 community broadband cooperatives in underserved areas
    • Provides universal gigabit broadband through community-owned networks
    • Alston Moor Cybermoor project shows rural communities can build better broadband than commercial providers
    • Reduces digital exclusion affecting 10% of UK households
    • Creates 5,000 jobs in community digital infrastructure
    • Supports remote working and local economic development
    • Provides digital skills training and support for all residents
    • Ensures net neutrality and community control over digital infrastructure
    Source: Green Party Digital Communities Policy, Cybermoor, Community Broadband Network, OFCOM, Good Things Foundation, Local Digital Alliance
  • Community wealth building through local procurement and ownership
    • Every £1 spent with local suppliers generates £1.76 for local economy
    • Creates local supply chains that resist economic shocks
    • Preston Model shows 15% increase in local spending through anchor institution strategy
    • Supports worker cooperatives and community-owned enterprises
    • Reduces transport emissions and builds community resilience
    • Creates 100,000 local jobs through import substitution
    • Develops local circular economies reducing waste and resource use
    • Builds community capacity and democratic economic control
    Source: Green Party Local Economics Policy, Centre for Local Economic Strategies, New Economics Foundation, Preston City Council, Co-operatives UK, CLES
  • High street regeneration supporting independent businesses and community use
    • Creates 1,000 community-owned high streets through business improvement districts
    • Supports independent retailers through business rates reform and grants
    • German town centre management shows 25% reduction in vacant units
    • Diversifies high street uses with community spaces, libraries and services
    • Creates 50,000 jobs in local retail and hospitality
    • Reduces clone town syndrome preserving local character and identity
    • Supports market traders and small producers with affordable pitches
    • Creates evening economies with cultural and social activities
    Source: Green Party High Street Policy, German Retail Association, Federation of Small Businesses, Association of Town and City Management, Power to Change
  • Local currency and credit systems keeping wealth circulating locally
    • Supports 100 local currency schemes like Bristol Pound and Brixton Pound
    • Creates local credit clearing systems for business-to-business trade
    • Bristol Pound increased local business revenue by 15% through loyalty incentives
    • Reduces leakage of wealth from local economies to multinational corporations
    • Supports time banking and skill-sharing networks
    • Creates community development finance institutions for local lending
    • Builds economic resilience against national and global economic shocks
    • Encourages local production and services reducing transport emissions
    Source: Green Party Local Currency Policy, Bristol Pound, New Economics Foundation, International Journal of Community Currency Research, Local Exchange Trading Systems
  • Community investment funds supporting local enterprise and projects
    • Creates 500 community investment funds with £1 million capital each
    • Provides patient capital for local businesses and social enterprises
    • Mondragon cooperative model shows community investment can build major enterprises
    • Supports business models prioritising social and environmental benefits
    • Creates 25,000 local enterprises meeting community needs
    • Provides business support and mentoring for community entrepreneurs
    • Ensures democratic community control over investment decisions
    • Builds intergenerational community wealth rather than extraction
    Source: Green Party Community Investment Policy, Mondragon Corporation, Community Shares Unit, Responsible Finance, Crowdfunder UK, Esmée Fairbairn Foundation
Transport Revolution: "Creating a clean, affordable and integrated transport system that serves people not profit. We will transform how people and goods move around our country, prioritising public transport, walking and cycling while rapidly phasing out fossil fuel vehicles. Our transport policies will create healthier communities, reduce emissions, and build a more connected Britain."
  • Public ownership of railways creating an integrated, affordable national rail network
    • Saves £1.5 billion annually by eliminating private profit extraction and dividend payments
    • Reduces fares by 10-15% making rail travel accessible to all income levels
    • Creates integrated ticketing across all transport modes saving passengers time and money
    • Improves service reliability through coordinated network planning and investment
    • Publicly owned East Coast Mainline returned £1 billion to treasury during public operation
    • Enables strategic planning for electrification and capacity improvements
    • Eliminates complex franchising bureaucracy saving £300 million annually in administrative costs
    • Creates 50,000 stable public sector jobs in rail operations and maintenance
    Source: Green Party Transport Policy, Transport for Quality of Life, Campaign for Better Transport, National Audit Office, Office of Rail and Road, We Own It
  • Free bus travel for under-18s, students and pensioners with universal free local bus travel by 2030
    • Increases bus usage by 25-30% reducing congestion and air pollution in urban areas
    • Enables young people to access education, employment and social opportunities regardless of family income
    • Reduces social isolation among older people improving mental health and wellbeing
    • London experience shows free travel for under-18s increased usage by 40% with minimal abuse
    • Luxembourg's free public transport model shows 20% reduction in car use for short journeys
    • Creates more vibrant local economies through increased footfall in town centres
    • Reduces household transport costs by £1,200 annually for families with children
    • Funds bus service expansion creating 30,000 new driving and maintenance jobs
    Source: Green Party Free Transport Policy, Transport for London Evaluation, Age UK, Luxembourg Ministry of Mobility, Confederation of Passenger Transport
  • National bus service regulation ensuring comprehensive coverage including rural and evening services
    • Reverses 50% reduction in rural bus services since 1980 through guaranteed minimum service levels
    • Ensures evening and weekend services enabling shift workers and social activities
    • London-style regulated model shows 80% higher passenger satisfaction than deregulated areas
    • Creates integrated ticketing across bus, rail and tram networks
    • Provides 5,000 new electric buses with full accessibility features
    • Ensures services to hospitals, schools and employment centres in all communities
    • Reduces car dependency in rural areas where public transport has been decimated
    • Creates 20,000 stable employment opportunities in bus manufacturing and operations
    Source: Green Party Bus Policy, Campaign for Better Transport, Rural Services Network, Transport for London, CPT
  • Community transport expansion creating 1,000 locally-run services for isolated communities
    • Provides demand-responsive transport in areas unsuitable for scheduled bus services
    • Enables elderly and disabled residents to access essential services and social activities
    • Swedish rural transport model shows 80% user satisfaction at 40% of commercial service costs
    • Creates 5,000 driver and coordinator jobs in community transport schemes
    • Uses electric and accessible vehicles reducing emissions and mobility barriers
    • Supports volunteer driver schemes with proper training, expenses and insurance
    • Integrates with main public transport network for seamless end-to-end journeys
    • Reduces NHS transport costs by £150 million annually through non-emergency patient transport
    Source: Green Party Community Transport Policy, Community Transport Association, Swedish Transport Administration, Age UK, NHS England
  • £10 billion investment in cycling and walking infrastructure in every town and city
    • Returns £5.50 for every £1 invested through reduced NHS costs, productivity gains and congestion reduction
    • Reduces NHS costs by £17 billion through increased physical activity preventing chronic diseases
    • Creates 25,000 jobs in construction, engineering and maintenance of active travel routes
    • Dutch cycling infrastructure shows 70% of journeys under 5km made by bike vs 2% in UK
    • Boosts local high streets as cycling customers visit more frequently and spend more per month
    • Reduces road maintenance costs as bicycles cause 10,000x less road wear than cars
    • Improves air quality saving £20 billion annually in health and environmental costs
    • Creates safer streets with 40% reduction in serious injuries from road collisions
    Source: Green Party Active Travel Policy, Sustrans, Department for Transport Analysis, British Cycling, Dutch Cycling Embassy, Public Health England
  • Segregated cycle networks in all urban areas with 10,000 miles of protected cycle lanes
    • Increases cycling rates by 20-50% where high-quality segregated infrastructure is built
    • Reduces cyclist casualties by 50% through physical separation from motor traffic
    • Copenhagen model shows 45% of commuters cycle to work with comprehensive segregated network
    • Creates all-ages cycling infrastructure enabling 8-80 year olds to cycle safely
    • Provides direct, convenient routes connecting residential areas with employment and services
    • Includes secure cycle parking at all destinations including stations, schools and shops
    • Integrates with public transport for combined active and public transport journeys
    • Supports cargo bikes for local deliveries reducing van movements by 15%
    Source: Green Party Cycling Policy, Cycling UK, Copenhagen Municipality, Transport for London, European Cyclists' Federation
  • School streets programmes creating car-free zones around all schools at drop-off and pick-up times
    • Reduces children's exposure to toxic air pollution at school gates by 70%
    • Increases walking and cycling to school from 47% to 75% within 2 years of implementation
    • Creates safer environments preventing child road casualties during peak times
    • London school streets programme shows 60% reduction in vehicles at school gates
    • Improves children's concentration and academic performance through active travel
    • Reduces childhood obesity rates through daily physical activity
    • Creates community connections as parents interact instead of sitting in cars
    • Teaches children sustainable travel habits that continue into adulthood
    Source: Green Party School Streets Policy, Living Streets, London Boroughs, British Lung Foundation, Obesity Health Alliance
  • E-bike purchase subsidies and public hire schemes making cycling accessible to all
    • Provides £500 subsidy for e-bike purchases making them affordable for low-income households
    • French e-bike subsidy increased sales by 30% and cycling rates in hilly areas by 40%
    • Enables older people and those with mobility issues to cycle who couldn't use conventional bikes
    • Creates public e-bike hire schemes in all towns over 10,000 population
    • Reduces car use for medium-length journeys (5-15km) where e-bikes are most competitive
    • Supports cargo e-bikes for school runs and shopping replacing 25% of car trips
    • Creates 5,000 jobs in e-bike sales, maintenance and charging infrastructure
    • Extends cycling range making it viable for longer commutes and hilly terrain
    Source: Green Party E-bike Policy, French Ministry of Ecological Transition, Cycling UK, Bicycle Association, People for Bikes
  • 2030 ban on new petrol and diesel cars with comprehensive support for transition
    • Prevents 40,000 premature deaths annually from air pollution (Royal College of Physicians)
    • Reduces UK oil imports by 80% improving energy security and balance of payments
    • Creates 80,000 jobs in EV manufacturing, battery production and charging infrastructure
    • Norwegian phase-out policy resulted in 80% of new cars being electric by 2023
    • Eliminates 70 million tonnes of CO2 annually from road transport
    • Reduces noise pollution creating quieter, more pleasant urban environments
    • Stimulates UK battery industry with gigafactories in former automotive regions
    • Provides scrappage scheme for polluting vehicles with grants for EV purchases
    Source: Green Party EV Policy, Royal College of Physicians, Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, Norwegian EV Association, Committee on Climate Change
  • National charging infrastructure with 500,000 public charge points by 2030
    • Ensures no home more than 5km from rapid charger eliminating range anxiety
    • Installs charge points in all residential streets enabling EV ownership without off-street parking
    • Creates 20,000 jobs in charging infrastructure installation and maintenance
    • Smart charging technology manages grid demand preventing infrastructure overload
    • Vehicle-to-grid technology enables EVs to support grid stability during peak demand
    • Workplace charging at all employers with 10+ staff supporting commuter charging
    • Rural charging hubs ensure countryside mobility isn't left behind in transition
    • Universal payment systems with contactless cards avoiding app fragmentation
    Source: Green Party Charging Policy, Energy Networks Association, Zap-Map, Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, National Grid
  • Electric vehicle manufacturing strategy with £2 billion investment in UK battery production
    • Creates 3 gigafactories in former automotive regions (West Midlands, North East, Wales)
    • Secures 50,000 jobs in EV and battery manufacturing replacing declining ICE vehicle production
    • German battery strategy shows 30,000 jobs created per gigafactory with supply chain benefits
    • Develops UK expertise in battery recycling and second-life applications
    • Supports electric van and bus manufacturing for commercial and public transport
    • Creates research centres for next-generation battery technology and charging systems
    • Ensures ethical sourcing of battery materials with environmental and human rights standards
    • Builds export opportunities for UK EV technology and expertise
    Source: Green Party Industrial Strategy, Faraday Institution, Advanced Propulsion Centre, German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs, Transport & Environment
  • Electric car clubs in every neighbourhood reducing private car ownership
    • Creates 5,000 electric car clubs serving urban and rural communities
    • Each shared EV replaces 10-15 privately owned vehicles reducing parking pressure
    • Paris Autolib scheme showed 22% reduction in private car ownership among users
    • Provides affordable access to cars for occasional users without ownership costs
    • Integrates with public transport for seamless multi-modal journeys
    • Creates 10,000 jobs in car club management and vehicle maintenance
    • Reduces household transport costs by £3,000 annually for families giving up second car
    • Supports rural mobility where public transport is limited
    Source: Green Party Car Club Policy, CoMoUK, Paris Municipality, RAC Foundation, Collaborative Mobility UK
  • Rail network electrification completing full electrification of main lines by 2035
    • Reduces rail emissions by 60% compared to diesel traction
    • Lowers operating costs by 30% through reduced fuel and maintenance
    • Enables faster acceleration improving journey times and capacity
    • Swiss rail network 99% electrified shows technical and economic feasibility
    • Creates 15,000 skilled jobs in electrification engineering and construction
    • Supports hydrogen and battery trains for remaining non-electrified routes
    • Improves air quality at stations, particularly in urban areas and tunnels
    • Enables regenerative braking feeding electricity back into the grid
    Source: Green Party Rail Policy, Railway Industry Association, Swiss Federal Railways, Rail Delivery Group, Institution of Mechanical Engineers
  • Reopening railway lines restoring 500 miles of closed lines and stations
    • Reconnects 150 communities cut off from rail network since Beeching cuts
    • Borders Railway reopening in Scotland generated £35 million annual economic benefit
    • Creates 10,000 construction jobs in railway engineering and station building
    • Reduces road congestion on parallel routes by 15-20%
    • Supports rural economic development through improved access to markets and services
    • Provides sustainable transport for growing towns without new road building
    • Creates new commuting patterns enabling people to live further from employment centres
    • Restores historic railway infrastructure preserving engineering heritage
    Source: Green Party Railway Restoration Policy, Campaign for Better Transport, Railfuture, Scottish Government, Department for Transport
  • Rail freight expansion doubling freight moved by rail to reduce HGV traffic
    • One freight train replaces 76 HGVs reducing road congestion and wear
    • Reduces logistics emissions by 75% compared to road freight
    • Creates 5,000 jobs in freight operations, terminals and logistics
    • Swiss rail freight model moves 40% of goods by rail vs 10% in UK
    • Reduces road maintenance costs by £500 million annually through fewer heavy vehicles
    • Improves road safety with 90% fewer fatalities per tonne-km than road freight
    • Supports overnight freight distribution reducing daytime lorry movements
    • Develops intermodal terminals enabling easy transfer between road and rail
    Source: Green Party Freight Policy, Rail Freight Group, Swiss Federal Railways, Freight Transport Association, Office of Rail and Road
  • High speed rail integration with proper environmental assessment and community benefits
    • Ensures new high speed lines complement rather than replace existing services
    • French TGV model shows proper integration with classic network maximises benefits
    • Creates 20,000 construction and engineering jobs during building phase
    • Reduces domestic flights by 50% on competing routes
    • Includes comprehensive environmental mitigation and wildlife corridors
    • Provides community benefits including sound barriers and station improvements
    • Ensures affordable fares with pricing regulation preventing premium charges
    • Uses released capacity on existing lines for improved local and freight services
    Source: Green Party High Speed Rail Policy, SNCF, High Speed Rail Group, Transport Committee, Greengauge 21
  • 15-minute neighbourhoods ensuring daily needs accessible within walking distance
    • Reduces car dependency by 40% through local access to services and employment
    • Paris 15-minute city policy aims to eliminate 60% of car journeys under 5km
    • Creates healthier communities through increased walking and social interaction
    • Supports local businesses through neighbourhood-level economic activity
    • Reduces transport emissions by 30% through shorter, fewer journeys
    • Improves social inclusion for those unable to drive including young, elderly and disabled
    • Creates more resilient communities less vulnerable to fuel price shocks
    • Uses planning laws to ensure mixed-use development in all new housing
    Source: Green Party Urban Planning Policy, Paris Municipality, C40 Cities, Academy of Urbanism, Town and Country Planning Association
  • Workplace parking levies and congestion charging in all major cities
    • Nottingham workplace levy raised £70 million for public transport improvements
    • Reduces city centre traffic by 15-20% improving air quality and congestion
    • London congestion charge reduced traffic by 30% and increased bus usage by 40%
    • Funds public transport improvements making sustainable travel more attractive
    • Encourages employers to provide travel alternatives like cycle facilities and bus passes
    • Reduces need for expensive road building and parking infrastructure
    • Improves reliability for essential road users like emergency services and deliveries
    • Includes exemptions for disabled people and low-income essential car users
    Source: Green Party Demand Management Policy, Transport for London, Nottingham City Council, RAC Foundation, Urban Transport Group
  • Low traffic neighbourhoods creating people-friendly streets in residential areas
    • Reduces through traffic in residential areas by 80% creating safer, quieter streets
    • Increases walking and cycling by 40% within low traffic neighbourhoods
    • Waltham Forest mini-Holland scheme reduced child obesity by 10% through increased activity
    • Creates community spaces with parklets, seating and play areas replacing road space
    • Improves air quality with 25% reduction in NO2 within filtered neighbourhoods
    • Increases property values by 5-10% through improved liveability
    • Reduces road casualties by 50% through lower vehicle speeds and volumes
    • Supports local social connections as streets become social spaces not just movement corridors
    Source: Green Party Low Traffic Neighbourhood Policy, London Borough of Waltham Forest, Living Streets, Possible, London Cycling Campaign
  • 20mph default speed limits in all built-up areas improving safety and liveability
    • Reduces pedestrian fatalities by 90% compared to 30mph (30% chance at 20mph vs 80% at 30mph)
    • Wales-wide 20mph default reduced collisions by 40% in first year
    • Creates more pleasant neighbourhoods encouraging walking and outdoor social activity
    • Reduces noise pollution by 40% through lower vehicle speeds
    • Improves air quality with smoother driving and less acceleration/deceleration
    • Increases cycling rates by 20% through perceived and actual safety improvements
    • Minimal impact on journey times as average urban speeds already below 20mph due to congestion
    • Supports independent mobility for children and elderly through safer streets
    Source: Green Party Speed Limit Policy, Welsh Government, ROSPA, Brake, Transport Research Laboratory
  • Frequent flyer levy targeting the 15% of population who take 70% of flights
    • First flight each year tax-free, with increasing levies on subsequent flights
    • Targets frequent business and leisure flyers rather than families' annual holiday
    • Reduces aviation demand by 15% while raising £5 billion annually for green transport
    • Ensures fair contribution from aviation sector currently paying no fuel tax or VAT
    • Encourages rail substitution for domestic and short-haul European routes
    • Reduces carbon emissions from UK aviation currently 7% of total and growing fastest
    • Funds development of sustainable aviation fuels and electric aircraft research
    • Supports tourism redistribution to UK destinations reducing international flights
    Source: Green Party Aviation Policy, Possible, New Economics Foundation, Committee on Climate Change, A Free Ride
  • Moratorium on airport expansion and night flight bans at all airports
    • Prevents 5 million tonnes additional CO2 emissions from proposed airport expansions
    • Reduces noise pollution for 1 million people affected by aircraft noise
    • German night flight ban at Frankfurt improved sleep quality for 200,000 residents
    • Protects green belt and habitats from airport-related development
    • Ensures aviation emissions included in UK carbon budgets and reduction targets
    • Redirects investment from airport expansion to rail infrastructure
    • Improves air quality around airports reducing respiratory illnesses in local communities
    • Supports modal shift to rail for domestic and short-haul European journeys
    Source: Green Party Airport Policy, Aviation Environment Federation, German Environment Agency, Heathrow Association for the Control of Aircraft Noise
  • Shipping emissions regulation with mandatory shore power at all ports
    • Eliminates toxic emissions from ships at berth improving air quality in port cities
    • One cruise ship emits equivalent SO2 to 13 million cars while at berth without shore power
    • Creates 5,000 jobs in port electrification and green shipping technology
    • California shore power mandate reduced port emissions by 80%
    • Supports development of green hydrogen and ammonia for shipping fuel
    • Implements speed limits for shipping reducing fuel consumption and emissions
    • Creates emission control areas around UK coast protecting marine ecosystems
    • Supports wind-assisted shipping and other efficiency technologies
    Source: Green Party Shipping Policy, Transport & Environment, California Air Resources Board, International Maritime Organization, UK Chamber of Shipping
Education for All: "Every child deserves a fantastic education that helps them thrive, not just survive. We will create an education system that nurtures creativity, critical thinking, and wellbeing while preparing young people for the challenges of the 21st century. Our policies ensure education is fully funded, inclusive, and focused on developing the whole child rather than just exam results."
  • £8 billion annual increase in school funding to restore per-pupil spending to 2010 levels with inflation adjustment
    • Restores £14 billion real-terms cuts since 2010, reversing damage to educational quality (Institute for Fiscal Studies)
    • Reduces class sizes from average of 27 to 20, improving individual attention and educational outcomes
    • Every £1 invested in education generates £7-£10 in economic returns through increased productivity (World Bank)
    • Funds 50,000 additional teachers and 30,000 teaching assistants addressing current shortages
    • Improves teacher retention - currently 1 in 3 teachers leave within 5 years due to workload and pay issues
    • Reduces future costs of unemployment, poor health and crime through better educational outcomes
    • Funds essential resources: textbooks, technology, and specialist equipment cut from austerity budgets
    • Addresses the £11.4 billion maintenance backlog in school buildings ensuring safe learning environments
    Source: Green Party Education Policy, Institute for Fiscal Studies, Education Policy Institute, National Education Union, World Bank, National Audit Office
  • Universal free school meals for all primary and secondary students, using locally sourced organic food
    • Improves concentration and academic performance - studies show 2 months additional progress annually
    • Reduces childhood obesity - currently 1 in 3 children overweight by age 11, costing NHS £6 billion annually
    • Eliminates lunch debt and stigma affecting 1 million children in poverty
    • Creates 15,000 jobs in school catering using local supply chains
    • Universal free school meals in Finland show 15% improvement in educational outcomes and health
    • Supports British farmers through procurement of local, seasonal and organic produce
    • Teaches children healthy eating habits reducing future NHS costs by £2 billion annually
    • Reduces family food bills by £400 per child annually, helping with cost of living
    Source: Green Party School Meals Policy, Food Foundation, School Food Plan, Finnish National Agency for Education, NHS Digital, Soil Association
  • Mental health support in every school with qualified counsellors and wellbeing programmes
    • 1 in 6 children now have probable mental health disorder - doubled since 2017 (NHS Digital)
    • Early intervention saves £8-£15 for every £1 spent through reduced crisis care and improved outcomes
    • Creates 10,000 school-based mental health practitioner positions
    • Reduces pressure on CAMHS where waiting times exceed 12 weeks for 75% of children
    • Improves attendance - mental health issues cause 50% of school absences
    • Welsh school counselling service shows 75% improvement in mental health outcomes
    • Trains all teachers in mental health first aid and trauma-informed practice
    • Funds therapeutic interventions: mindfulness, art therapy, and nature-based learning
    Source: Green Party Mental Health in Schools Policy, YoungMinds, NHS Digital, Centre for Mental Health, Welsh Government, Anna Freud Centre
  • End academy and free school programme returning all schools to local democratic control
    • Eliminates £8 million annual CEO salaries in multi-academy trusts redirecting funds to classrooms
    • Restores local accountability with elected parent and community governors
    • Ends off-rolling and exclusion of vulnerable students for performance metrics
    • Academies show no significant improvement in educational outcomes despite additional funding (Education Policy Institute)
    • Prevents asset stripping - £150 million public assets transferred to private hands through academy conversions
    • Ensures fair admissions policies and special needs provision through local oversight
    • Creates coherent local education planning rather than fragmented competitive system
    • Restores collective bargaining ensuring fair pay and conditions for all staff
    Source: Green Party School Governance Policy, Education Policy Institute, National Audit Office, Local Schools Network, Anti-Academies Alliance
  • Climate and ecological education integrated across all subjects and key stages
    • Prepares students for careers in green economy projected to create 1.2 million jobs by 2030
    • Builds environmental literacy for informed citizenship and democratic decision-making
    • Improves mental health and wellbeing through connection to nature - 50% reduction in stress levels
    • Creates generation equipped with skills to solve climate and ecological crises
    • Italian model shows climate education increases pro-environmental behaviour by 40%
    • Supports outdoor learning improving academic achievement by 15% and physical health
    • Develops critical thinking about sustainability, consumption and economic systems
    • Trains 20,000 teachers in environmental education through specialist professional development
    Source: Green Party Curriculum Policy, UN Sustainable Development Goals, Mental Health Foundation, Italian Ministry of Education, University of Essex research
  • Reduced curriculum content focusing on depth of understanding rather than exam preparation
    • Reduces teacher workload by 8 hours weekly currently spent on exam preparation and marking
    • Enables project-based and inquiry learning developing critical thinking and creativity
    • Finnish curriculum model shows depth-focused approach achieves higher PISA rankings
    • Addresses mental health crisis among students - 80% report exam pressure as main stressor
    • Allows time for arts, sports, and personal development alongside academic subjects
    • Prepares students for future workplace needing adaptability rather than rote knowledge
    • Reduces unnecessary content overload - National Curriculum has expanded 300% since 1988
    • Enables local curriculum adaptation reflecting community needs and opportunities
    Source: Green Party Curriculum Reform Policy, Finnish National Agency for Education, National Education Union, Pearson Research, Wellcome Trust
  • Digital literacy and critical thinking integrated throughout education
    • Prepares students for digital economy where 85% of jobs require digital skills by 2030
    • Teaches media literacy combating misinformation and manipulation affecting democratic processes
    • Addresses digital divide - 10% of households lack adequate internet access for learning
    • Estonian digital education model shows 95% digital literacy rates from early integration
    • Includes coding, data analysis and AI ethics preparing for technological change
    • Teaches online safety and digital citizenship reducing cyberbullying and exploitation
    • Develops critical evaluation of information sources essential for informed citizenship
    • Provides universal access to devices and connectivity eliminating digital exclusion
    Source: Green Party Digital Education Policy, Estonian Ministry of Education, UK Digital Strategy, Nesta, OECD Digital Skills Assessment
  • Creative and practical arts restored as core curriculum elements
    • Arts education develops creativity ranked as top skill needed for future workforce (World Economic Forum)
    • Improves academic performance in other subjects - arts students score 15% higher on standardised tests
    • Supports £111 billion creative industries employing 2 million people in UK
    • Reduces arts participation gap - students from wealthiest families 3x more likely to study arts
    • Enhances mental health and self-expression reducing anxiety and depression
    • Develops fine motor skills, problem-solving and collaboration through practical work
    • Includes design technology, cooking, and craftsmanship preparing for diverse careers
    • Funds 5,000 specialist arts teachers and proper facilities in all schools
    Source: Green Party Arts Education Policy, Cultural Learning Alliance, DCMS, World Economic Forum, Royal Society of Arts
  • Special educational needs funding increased by £4 billion annually
    • Addresses £2.5 billion SEND funding gap leaving 1.5 million children without adequate support
    • Reduces waiting times for assessments from current 18 months to 12 weeks maximum
    • Funds 25,000 additional SEND specialists and teaching assistants
    • Ends postcode lottery where SEND provision varies 400% between local authorities
    • Prevents school exclusions - SEND students 7x more likely to be excluded despite same behavioural patterns
    • Supports early intervention saving £3-£8 for every £1 spent through reduced long-term needs
    • Creates inclusive classrooms where all children learn together rather than segregation
    • Provides proper training for all teachers in inclusive education and differentiation
    Source: Green Party SEND Policy, National Association of Head Teachers, IPPR, Education Policy Institute, Council for Disabled Children
  • Anti-racism and decolonising curriculum across all subjects
    • Addresses attainment gap - Black Caribbean students 3x more likely to be excluded and achieve lower results
    • Creates inclusive education reflecting experiences and contributions of all communities
    • Improves educational engagement - students seeing themselves in curriculum have 25% higher attendance
    • Scottish curriculum review shows decolonising approach improves outcomes for all students
    • Teaches accurate history including colonialism, migration and resistance movements
    • Develops critical understanding of power, privilege and structural inequality
    • Includes diverse literature, music, art and scientific contributions from global majority
    • Trains all teachers in culturally responsive pedagogy and anti-racist practice
    Source: Green Party Anti-Racism Policy, Runnymede Trust, Scottish Government, The Black Curriculum, Institute of Race Relations
  • LGBTQ+ inclusive education and support in all schools
    • Reduces bullying - 45% of LGBTQ+ students experience homophobic bullying affecting mental health
    • Improves educational outcomes - LGBTQ+ students in inclusive schools achieve 10% higher grades
    • Supports mental health - LGBTQ+ youth 3x more likely to experience depression and anxiety
    • Creates safe environments where all students can learn without fear or discrimination
    • Includes diverse family structures and relationships in PSHE and across curriculum
    • Provides training for staff on supporting LGBTQ+ students and challenging homophobia
    • Funds LGBTQ+ student groups and peer support networks in all secondary schools
    • Ensures inclusive sex and relationships education reflecting diversity of experiences
    Source: Green Party LGBTQ+ Education Policy, Stonewall School Report, Just Like Us, Terrence Higgins Trust, Sex Education Forum
  • End permanent exclusions with therapeutic and restorative approaches
    • Prevents 7,900 permanent exclusions annually that disproportionately affect vulnerable students
    • Saves £370,000 per excluded student in alternative provision and future costs (IPPR)
    • Students with excluded backgrounds 5x more likely to end up in criminal justice system
    • Scottish approach reduced exclusions by 90% through relationship-based approaches
    • Funds nurture groups, counselling and trauma-informed practice addressing root causes
    • Creates inclusion units within schools rather than external exclusion
    • Trains all staff in de-escalation, restorative practice and understanding behavioural needs
    • Ensures accountability for schools to support rather than exclude challenging students
    Source: Green Party Exclusion Policy, IPPR, Scottish Government, Education Policy Institute, Timpson Review, Children's Commissioner
  • Abolish university tuition fees and restore maintenance grants for all students
    • Removes £50,000 debt burden from graduates starting careers, families and businesses
    • Increases university participation from disadvantaged backgrounds by 30% (Sutton Trust)
    • Better educated workforce increases productivity and economic growth by 1.5% annually
    • Scottish free tuition model shows increased participation without quality reduction
    • Reduces administrative costs of student loan system saving £1 billion annually
    • Ends marketisation of higher education restoring education as public good not commodity
    • Enables graduates to work in lower-paid essential jobs like teaching, nursing and social work
    • Restores £9,000 maintenance grants eliminating working-class student poverty
    Source: Green Party Higher Education Policy, Sutton Trust, Office for Students, Scottish Funding Council, London Economics
  • Further education funding restoration with £2.5 billion annual increase
    • Reverses 30% real-terms funding cuts since 2010 restoring adult education and skills training
    • Creates 100,000 new apprenticeships in green sectors: renewable energy, retrofitting and conservation
    • Addresses skills gap costing economy £6.3 billion annually in lost productivity (CBI)
    • German dual education system shows high-quality FE reduces youth unemployment to 5%
    • Funds free lifelong learning enabling retraining for green transition and automation
    • Supports community education and evening classes rebuilding social capital
    • Creates pathways from FE to HE with proper funding and articulation agreements
    • Restores education maintenance allowance supporting 16-19 year olds from low-income families
    Source: Green Party FE Policy, Association of Colleges, CBI, German Federal Ministry of Education, Learning and Work Institute
  • Democratic university governance with staff and student representation
    • Ends vice-chancellor pay excess - average £269,000 while staff pay fell 20% in real terms
    • German university model shows staff-student governance improves educational quality
    • Ensures curriculum decisions made by academic staff rather than managers
    • Gives students democratic voice in education quality, fees and institutional direction
    • Prevents commercialisation and real estate speculation diverting from educational mission
    • Supports academic freedom and critical research challenging power and inequality
    • Creates transparent financial governance with elected oversight committees
    • Ensures fair treatment of casualised staff - 54% of academics on insecure contracts
    Source: Green Party University Governance Policy, University and College Union, German Rectors' Conference, Higher Education Policy Institute
  • Research funding increase to 3% of GDP with green and social priorities
    • Increases public research funding from 1.7% to 3% GDP matching leading knowledge economies
    • Creates 50,000 research positions in universities addressing casualisation and brain drain
    • Focuses on climate solutions, public health, and social justice rather than commercial priorities
    • Ensures open access to publicly funded research accelerating innovation and public benefit
    • German Fraunhofer model shows 20:1 return on public research investment
    • Supports interdisciplinary research addressing complex societal challenges
    • Funds community-engaged research co-designed with civil society and marginalised groups
    • Develops UK expertise in green technology, sustainable agriculture and renewable energy
    Source: Green Party Research Policy, UK Research and Innovation, Fraunhofer Society, Campaign for Science and Engineering, Royal Society
  • Universal free childcare from 9 months to school age
    • Enables parental employment - 1.7 million parents, mainly women, unable to work due to childcare costs
    • High-quality early education improves cognitive development and school readiness
    • Reduces childcare costs consuming 35% of average family income vs OECD average of 11%
    • Swedish universal childcare model shows increased gender equality and maternal employment
    • Creates 100,000 early years educator jobs with proper pay and qualifications
    • Early intervention saves £7-£9 for every £1 spent through reduced special needs and improved outcomes
    • Supports child development in crucial early years building foundation for future learning
    • Includes wrap-around care matching working patterns rather than school hours
    Source: Green Party Early Years Policy, OECD, Swedish Ministry of Education, Sutton Trust, Coram Family and Childcare
  • Early years educator pay and status matching primary teachers
    • Addresses 30% pay gap between early years and primary educators despite equivalent qualifications
    • Reduces staff turnover currently 25% annually disrupting children's development
    • Improves quality - graduate-led settings show 20% better educational outcomes
    • Creates career progression pathways with proper training and professional development
    • Norwegian model shows qualified, well-paid workforce improves early years quality significantly
    • Ensures all settings have qualified teacher equivalent leading pedagogical practice
    • Funds training for existing staff to achieve graduate-level qualifications
    • Creates national collective bargaining ensuring fair pay and conditions across sector
    Source: Green Party Early Years Workforce Policy, Norwegian Directorate for Education, Early Education, TUC, Education Policy Institute
  • Adult education restoration with free lifelong learning entitlement
    • Reverses 50% cuts to adult education since 2010 rebuilding community learning
    • Enables retraining for green transition supporting workers from declining industries
    • Addresses automation replacing 30% of current jobs by 2030 requiring new skills
    • German adult education system shows 40% participation in lifelong learning
    • Reduces social isolation and improves mental health through community learning
    • Supports second-chance education for those failed by initial schooling
    • Funds English for Speakers of Other Languages addressing language barriers
    • Creates 20,000 adult educator jobs in colleges and community settings
    Source: Green Party Adult Education Policy, Learning and Work Institute, German Adult Education Association, OECD Skills Outlook, WEA
  • Community learning spaces in every neighbourhood
    • Creates 5,000 community learning hubs in libraries, schools and vacant buildings
    • Provides digital access and skills training for 10 million digitally excluded adults
    • Supports intergenerational learning breaking down age segregation
    • Danish folk high school model shows community learning builds social capital
    • Offers non-formal learning: crafts, languages, music and community organising
    • Creates spaces for homework clubs, adult education and community meetings
    • Funds community researchers investigating local issues and solutions
    • Supports knowledge exchange between universities and communities
    Source: Green Party Community Learning Policy, Danish Ministry of Education, Locality, New Economics Foundation, Power to Change
Balanced & Managed Migration: "We believe in an immigration system that is both compassionate and controlled, focusing on economic needs, family unity, and Britain's international obligations while ensuring public confidence and effective integration."
  • Replace the hostile environment with efficient, fair asylum processing
    • Current system costs taxpayers £500 million annually while failing to meet objectives (National Audit Office)
    • 68% of British public support allowing refugees to stay in the UK (YouGov, 2023)
    • Efficient processing would reduce backlog of 100,000+ cases, saving £3 million daily in hotel costs
    • 72% believe people fleeing war/persecution should be allowed to seek safety in UK (British Future)
    • Fair system increases public trust - only 21% currently trust the system to be managed effectively
    • Reduces strain on public services by processing claims quickly and integrating refugees properly
    Source: National Audit Office, YouGov, British Future, Home Office Statistics
  • Create safe legal routes to reduce dangerous Channel crossings
    • 76% of British public support safe routes for genuine refugees (Refugee Council polling)
    • Prevents tragic deaths - 300+ in Channel crossings since 1999
    • Reduces exploitation by criminal gangs - estimated £180 million annual people smuggling industry
    • UK Resettlement Scheme shows 85% integration success with proper vetting
    • Enables proper security checks and integration support
    • Reduces costs of emergency interventions and border operations
    Source: Refugee Council, YouGov, Home Office, National Crime Agency
  • Allow asylum seekers to work after 6 months while claims processed
    • 71% of public support right to work for asylum seekers (British Red Cross)
    • Ends dependency on £5.66/day support, saving £100 million annually
    • Addresses UK labour shortages - 51% of asylum seekers have tertiary education
    • Increases tax revenues - estimated £1.2 billion annually if asylum seekers could work
    • Reduces mental health costs - 61% experience depression when prevented from working
    • Similar policies work successfully in Sweden, Canada and Australia
    Source: British Red Cross, Migration Policy Institute, NHS, Oxford Migration Observatory
  • 28-day detention limit with community-based alternatives
    • Detention costs £86 per person daily vs £20 for community-based resolution
    • UK is only European country without statutory time limit on immigration detention
    • Swedish 28-day limit shows community alternatives work with 95% compliance
    • Saves £75 million annually in detention costs
    • Cross-party support for detention reform (MPs from all major parties)
    • Prevents harm to vulnerable people including torture survivors
    Source: National Audit Office, HM Inspectorate of Prisons, Swedish Migration Agency
  • Reform points-based system to meet economic needs
    • Current system excludes key workers - 40% of essential workers earn below £25,600 threshold
    • 1.2 million job vacancies in UK economy (ONS, 2024)
    • 76% of public support immigration to fill essential jobs (Ipsos MORI)
    • Regional visa programmes to address specific local labour shortages
    • Include care work and domestic labour in skilled worker routes
    • Canadian-style system balancing economic and social needs
    Source: ONS, Migration Observatory, Ipsos MORI, Canadian Immigration System
  • Student visa improvements to support universities and economy
    • International students contribute £28 billion annually to UK economy
    • 68% of public support international students (Universities UK)
    • Current rules prevent 50,000 potential students annually through financial requirements
    • Post-study work restrictions waste talent - 90% want to work in UK after graduation
    • Supports UK universities facing financial challenges
    • Australian model shows economic benefits of retaining international graduates
    Source: Universities UK, Higher Education Policy Institute, ONS
  • Regularisation pathway for long-term undocumented residents
    • Estimated 674,000 undocumented migrants, many with deep roots in communities
    • Regularisation would generate £3 billion in additional tax revenues over 10 years
    • Reduces exploitation in informal economy and improves working conditions for all
    • Similar programmes successful in Spain, Portugal and Ireland
    • Enables proper integration and community contribution
    • Majority support pathway for those working and paying taxes long-term (British Future)
    Source: Pew Research Center, LSE, British Future, Regularise Now campaign
  • English language investment with practical support
    • 850,000 people in England cannot speak English well limiting employment
    • Every £1 spent on ESOL generates £4 through increased employment and productivity
    • Current waiting lists for ESOL classes exceed 12 months in many areas
    • 83% of public support English language provision for migrants (British Future)
    • Workplace ESOL programmes improve productivity and workplace safety
    • Creates 5,000 ESOL teacher positions addressing current shortage
    Source: Learning and Work Institute, British Future, Department for Education
  • NHS access for all residents based on clinical need
    • NHS charging regulations cost £20 million to administer while collecting £5 million
    • Prevents infectious disease spread through delayed treatment
    • Doctors report 60% increase in patients afraid to access care due to charging fears
    • 72% believe everyone in UK should access NHS care (BMJ research)
    • Contradicts NHS founding principle of care based on clinical need
    • Ends data sharing between NHS and Home Office rebuilding patient trust
    Source: British Medical Journal, Doctors of the World, NHS Confederation
  • Community sponsorship expansion for refugee resettlement
    • Community sponsorship refugees integrate faster with 80% employment within 6 months
    • Builds social connections between refugees and established communities
    • Canadian model shows 300,000 refugees resettled through community sponsorship
    • Creates local ownership of refugee support increasing acceptance
    • Supported by 65% of public when communities are involved (Refugee Council)
    • Expands beyond current 1,000 places annually with proper support
    Source: Refugee Council, UNHCR, Canadian Immigration, Reset Communities
  • Global refugee responsibility based on capacity and fairness
    • UK hosts 1% of global refugees while Lebanon hosts 25% relative to population
    • Developed countries host 16% of refugees despite having 80% of global wealth
    • 62% support UK taking fair share of refugees (British Future)
    • Global compact for refugees provides framework for equitable responsibility sharing
    • Supports refugee hosting countries through development aid
    • Creates emergency response for sudden displacement crises
    Source: UNHCR, British Future, International Rescue Committee
  • Address displacement causes through development and diplomacy
    • Climate finance helps vulnerable countries adapt reducing displacement
    • Support for democratic movements and civil society prevents authoritarian collapse
    • Economic partnerships create decent work reducing poverty-driven migration
    • Peacebuilding programmes address conflicts before mass displacement occurs
    • 74% support addressing root causes of migration (Chatham House)
    • UK leadership in international development and climate action
    Source: Chatham House, World Bank, UN Development Programme
  • Climate displacement planning for future challenges
    • Climate change could displace 200 million people by 2050 (World Bank)
    • UK historical emissions responsibility creates obligation to lead on protection
    • New Zealand climate refugee visa shows practical implementation model
    • Focuses on most vulnerable nations already experiencing climate impacts
    • 68% support UK helping climate-displaced people (YouGov)
    • Prevents future humanitarian crises through planned programmes
    Source: World Bank, YouGov, New Zealand Immigration, Environmental Justice Foundation
  • Myth: "Immigrants take British jobs and increase unemployment"
    • Immigrants create more jobs than they fill - migrants from Europe created 100,000 new businesses between 2004-2019 (Centre for Entrepreneurs)
    • No correlation between immigration and unemployment - areas with highest immigration often have lowest unemployment (Migration Observatory, Oxford University)
    • Immigrants fill crucial skills gaps - 47% of NHS doctors and 24% of NHS nurses are foreign-born (NHS Digital, 2024)
    • Immigrants are net contributors - EEA migrants contributed £4.7 billion more in taxes than they received in benefits between 2001-2011 (University College London)
    • Younger immigrant populations support ageing UK workforce - helping fund pensions and public services
    • Immigration addresses demographic challenges - UK birth rate of 1.56 children per woman is below replacement level (ONS, 2023)
    Source: Migration Observatory, UCL, Centre for Entrepreneurs, NHS Digital, ONS
  • Myth: "Immigrants are a drain on the welfare system"
    • EU migrants contributed £2,300 more per person annually than UK-born citizens (UCL Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration)
    • Recent immigrants 45% less likely to receive state benefits than UK-born citizens (Department for Work and Pensions)
    • Immigration health surcharge generates £1.3 billion annually for NHS services (Home Office)
    • Non-EEA migrants pay 64% more in taxes than they receive in benefits over lifetime (Oxford Economics)
    • Asylum seekers receive minimal support - £5.66 daily for essentials while prohibited from working
    • Migrants have higher employment rates - 78% vs 75% for UK-born (ONS, 2024)
    Source: UCL, DWP, Oxford Economics, Home Office, ONS
  • Myth: "Immigration reduces wages for British workers"
    • Migration Advisory Committee found minimal impact on wages - less than 1% effect on average wages
    • High-skilled immigration increases wages for native workers through innovation and productivity (London School of Economics)
    • Negative effects concentrated in specific low-wage sectors and temporary - offset by job creation and economic growth
    • LSE study found immigration had small positive effect on average British wages between 2004-2016
    • Real wage stagnation caused by austerity, productivity gaps and economic policy, not immigration (Resolution Foundation)
    • Strong labour protections and enforcement benefit all workers regardless of origin
    Source: Migration Advisory Committee, LSE, Resolution Foundation, Bank of England
  • Myth: "The UK has lost control of its borders"
    • UK has comprehensive border controls - advanced passenger information, biometric visas, and electronic border systems
    • Net migration figures include British citizens returning home and international students - 39% of net migration is students (ONS)
    • Irregular migration represents less than 5% of total immigration - majority enter legally and overstay
    • UK asylum applications lower than European neighbours - 74,751 applications in 2023 vs 351,735 in Germany (Eurostat)
    • Channel crossings represent response to lack of safe routes - not evidence of border failure
    • Investment in proper processing and legal routes more effective than enforcement-only approaches
    Source: ONS, Eurostat, Home Office, Institute for Government
  • Myth: "Immigrants don't integrate and create parallel societies"
    • Second-generation immigrants achieve educational outcomes equal to or better than national average (Department for Education)
    • Intermarriage rates high - 50% of British-born ethnic minority partners have white British partners (ESRC)
    • English language acquisition rapid - 90% of immigrant women speak English well within 5 years (Migration Observatory)
    • Immigrant civic participation strong - higher rates of volunteering and community engagement in some groups (National Council for Voluntary Organisations)
    • Segregation myths debunked - ethnic segregation decreasing in most UK cities (Manchester University)
    • British identity strong among immigrants - 85% feel strong attachment to Britain (Runnymede Trust)
    Source: DfE, ESRC, Migration Observatory, Runnymede Trust, Manchester University
  • Myth: "The UK is full and cannot accommodate more people"
    • UK population density 281 people per km² vs Netherlands 508, Belgium 383 (World Bank)
    • Only 6% of UK land is built on - housing crisis caused by policy failures not population pressure (CPRE)
    • Empty homes outnumber homeless families 20:1 - 676,000 empty properties in England (Action on Empty Homes)
    • Proper planning and investment can accommodate population growth - as demonstrated throughout UK history
    • Immigrants help address regional inequalities - revitalising declining towns and cities
    • Young immigrant populations support public services in ageing communities
    Source: World Bank, CPRE, Action on Empty Homes, ONS
  • Myth: "Most immigrants come to claim benefits"
    • Work remains primary migration motive - 62% of non-EU migrants arrive through work or study routes (Home Office)
    • Family reunion represents only 17% of immigration - mostly British citizens bringing spouses
    • Asylum seekers cannot claim mainstream benefits - receive minimal support at £5.66 daily
    • EU migrants' benefit claim rate 16% vs 21% for UK-born (DWP)
    • Migrants have strong work ethic - often taking essential jobs British workers won't accept
    • Student migrants pay full international fees - subsidising university places for British students
    Source: Home Office, DWP, Universities UK, Migration Advisory Committee
  • Myth: "Immigration increases crime rates"
    • Foreign-born individuals less likely to commit crimes - incarceration rate half that of UK-born (Ministry of Justice)
    • Areas with high immigration often see falling crime rates - London crime rates fell as immigration increased
    • No causal link between immigration and crime established in peer-reviewed research (Royal Statistical Society)
    • Immigrants often over-policed and under-protected - leading to distorted statistics
    • Refugees and asylum seekers have lower reoffending rates than general population
    • Immigration associated with economic growth which correlates with crime reduction
    Source: Ministry of Justice, Metropolitan Police, Royal Statistical Society, LSE
  • Myth: "The British public overwhelmingly opposes immigration"
    • Public concern focuses on irregular migration and system fairness - not immigration itself (British Future)
    • Majority support specific immigration types - 76% support skilled worker migration (Ipsos MORI)
    • Support for refugees strong - 72% believe UK should protect those fleeing war and persecution
    • Attitudes becoming more positive - net immigration approval increased 15 points since 2015 (British Social Attitudes)
    • Most recognise economic benefits - 64% believe immigration benefits economy (YouGov)
    • Support increases with personal contact - those knowing immigrants personally more positive
    Source: British Future, Ipsos MORI, YouGov, British Social Attitudes
  • Myth: "Immigration threatens British culture and values"
    • British culture constantly evolving - enriched by centuries of migration and exchange
    • Immigrants adopt British values - research shows strong commitment to democracy and rule of law
    • Cultural contributions significant - from food and music to literature and science
    • Shared British identity inclusive - 82% of ethnic minorities identify strongly as British (Runnymede Trust)
    • British values of tolerance and fairness strengthened by diverse perspectives
    • Historical perspective shows immigration has consistently strengthened British society
    Source: Runnymede Trust, British Academy, Arts Council England
Fully Costed Policies for Real Change: "Our policies are not just aspirations - they are fully costed and financially responsible plans for building a fairer, greener Britain that works for everyone. Every policy in our manifesto is backed by detailed costings and sustainable funding sources that ensure we can deliver real change without burdening future generations."
  • Wealth tax on the richest 1% raising £70-£90 billion annually
    • Top 1% own more wealth than bottom 70% combined - fair contribution needed (ONS Wealth and Assets Survey)
    • Wealth Tax Commission recommended 1% annual tax on wealth over £1 million could raise £260 billion over 5 years
    • Wealth taxes successfully implemented in Norway (0.7-1.1%), Switzerland (0.05-0.94%) and Spain (0.2-3.5%)
    • London School of Economics research shows minimal economic impact with progressive design and exemptions for primary residences up to £1 million
    • Addresses extreme inequality while funding essential public services - UK wealth inequality has increased 50% since 2000
    • Includes comprehensive anti-avoidance measures and international co-operation to prevent tax evasion
    Source: Green Party Tax Policy, Wealth Tax Commission 2020, London School of Economics, OECD Wealth Tax Analysis 2023, Office for National Statistics, Resolution Foundation
  • Carbon tax on polluting industries raising £30 billion annually
    • Creates price signal accelerating transition to clean energy - UK carbon price currently £18/tonne vs EU average of €80/tonne
    • Revenue recycling ensures progressive impact protecting low-income households through climate dividend payments
    • Successfully implemented in Canada with public support and 8% emissions reduction in first 2 years
    • International evidence shows carbon taxes effectively reduce emissions without harming economy - Swedish carbon tax reduced emissions 25% while economy grew 60%
    • Phased introduction starting at £50/tonne rising to £150/tonne by 2030 with border carbon adjustments
    • Funds just transition programmes for workers in high-carbon industries and energy bill support for vulnerable households
    Source: Green Party Carbon Tax Policy, Canada Climate Action 2023, London School of Economics Grantham Institute, IMF Carbon Pricing Report 2023, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Climate Change Committee
  • Financial transaction tax raising £20 billion annually
    • Tiny tax (0.1% on shares, 0.01% on derivatives) on financial transactions that would raise significant revenue
    • Successful models exist in France (0.2-0.3%), Italy (0.1%) and 10 other EU countries collectively raising €4 billion annually
    • Reduces speculative high-frequency trading while making finance sector pay fair share - UK financial sector contributes 7% of GDP but only 1.5% of tax revenue
    • EU Commission research shows minimal impact on genuine investment and economic growth - 0.08% reduction in GDP vs 0.76% increase in public revenue
    • UK already has 0.5% stamp duty on shares showing transaction taxes are practical and effective
    • Includes exemptions for pension funds and primary market issues to protect long-term investment
    Source: Green Party Finance Policy, Robin Hood Tax Campaign, EU Commission FTT Impact Assessment 2023, IMF, Institute for Fiscal Studies, Bank of England, TaxWatch UK
  • Corporate tax reform and closing loopholes raising £25 billion annually
    • Increases corporation tax to 24% raising £15 billion while still lower than 2010 rate of 28%
    • Ends tax avoidance estimated to cost UK £35 billion annually through aggressive profit shifting
    • Introduces unitary taxation to prevent profit shifting to tax havens - multinationals shift 40% of profits to tax havens globally
    • Creates level playing field for small businesses against multinationals - small businesses pay effective tax rate of 19% vs 8% for large multinationals
    • OECD global minimum tax agreement shows international co-operation is possible - UK could raise £13.5 billion from pillar 2 implementation
    • Introduces windfall taxes on excessive pandemic and energy crisis profits - energy companies made £170 billion excess profits 2021-2023
    Source: Green Party Corporate Tax Policy, Tax Justice Network, HMRC Tax Gap Analysis, OECD BEPS Project, Institute for Public Policy Research, Fair Tax Mark, Office for Budget Responsibility
  • Land value tax replacing council tax and business rates raising £50 billion annually
    • Raises £50 billion annually from unearned land value increases capturing wealth created by community investment
    • Encourages efficient use of land and reduces speculation - UK has 600,000 vacant properties while 1.2 million on housing waiting lists
    • Successful implementation in Denmark (1.6-3.4%), Estonia (0.1-2.5%) and parts of Australia showing economic benefits
    • Reduces property bubbles by taxing land value not improvements - land represents 51% of UK net wealth at £6.3 trillion
    • More progressive than council tax as it targets wealth not income - poorest 10% pay 8% of income in council tax vs 1% for richest
    • Simplifies local government finance with single property tax saving £500 million in administrative costs
    Source: Green Party Land Policy, Labour Land Campaign, OECD Tax Policy Studies, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, New Economics Foundation, Office for National Statistics, LSE Spatial Economics Research Centre
  • Inheritance tax reform and lifetime gifts tax raising £15 billion annually
    • Replaces inheritance tax with lifetime receipts tax treating all wealth transfers equally
    • Includes gifts and trusts currently used to avoid £600 million annually in inheritance tax
    • Only 4% of estates pay inheritance tax due to exemptions and avoidance - reform ensures fair contribution
    • £15,000 annual gift allowance costs £1.2 billion annually in lost revenue with disproportionate benefit to wealthy
    • Includes main residence nil-rate band that costs £2.5 billion annually mainly benefiting wealthier homeowners
    • Progressive bands with higher rates for larger receipts ensuring intergenerational wealth circulation
    Source: Green Party Inheritance Tax Policy, Institute for Fiscal Studies, HMRC Statistics, Resolution Foundation, Wealth and Assets Survey, Social Market Foundation
  • Green New Deal investment - £100 billion over 10 years (£10 billion annually)
    • Creates 1.2 million jobs in renewable energy, retrofitting and nature restoration
    • Returns £3-£7 for every £1 invested through job creation, energy savings and increased productivity
    • Funded through green bonds, National Investment Bank and redirected fossil fuel subsidies
    • German Energiewende created 300,000 jobs while reducing emissions by 40% showing economic benefits
    • Includes £40 billion for home insulation reducing fuel poverty and energy imports
    • £30 billion for renewable energy infrastructure creating UK energy independence
    • £20 billion for public transport and active travel reducing congestion costs
    • £10 billion for nature restoration and sustainable agriculture
    Source: Green Party Green New Deal Policy, New Economics Foundation, OBR, German Federal Environment Agency, Roosevelt Institute, Climate Change Committee, IPPR
  • NHS and social care transformation - £50 billion annually additional funding
    • £30 billion NHS funding increase bringing spending to 11% of GDP matching European average
    • £8 billion public health investment restoring cuts since 2015 and expanding prevention
    • £12 billion for free social care based on Scottish model eliminating means testing
    • Funded through progressive taxation and efficiency savings from reduced privatisation
    • Every £1 spent on NHS generates £4 in economic activity through healthier workforce
    • Ending NHS privatisation saves £2.8 billion annually in profit extraction
    • Integrated health and social care saves £500 million annually in delayed discharges
    • Mental health funding parity saves £118 billion annually in economic costs of mental illness
    Source: Green Party NHS Funding Policy, OECD Health Statistics 2023, The King's Fund, Health Foundation, NHS England, Centre for Mental Health, Institute for Fiscal Studies
  • Education and lifelong learning - £25 billion annually additional funding
    • £8 billion school funding increase restoring per-pupil spending to 2010 levels with inflation
    • £4 billion SEND funding addressing current £2.5 billion shortfall and expanding support
    • £5 billion for universal free childcare from 9 months enabling parental employment
    • £3 billion abolishing university tuition fees and restoring maintenance grants
    • £2.5 billion further education funding restoring adult education and skills training
    • £2 billion early years educator pay parity with primary teachers
    • £0.5 billion mental health support in every school
    • Every £1 invested in education generates £7-£10 in economic returns through increased productivity
    Source: Green Party Education Policy, Institute for Fiscal Studies, Education Policy Institute, Sutton Trust, OECD Education at a Glance, World Bank, Learning and Work Institute
  • Social security and welfare reform - £40 billion annually additional funding
    • £20 billion for Universal Basic Income pilot and transition replacing complex benefits system
    • £10 billion increasing disability benefits restoring real value after years of cuts
    • £5 billion ending benefit cap and two-child limit reducing child poverty
    • £3 billion restoring housing benefit for under-35s preventing youth homelessness
    • £2 billion expanding free school meals to all primary and secondary students
    • Funded through progressive taxation and administrative savings from simplified system
    • Child poverty costs UK £38 billion annually in lost economic output and increased services
    • Every £1 spent on reducing poverty generates £1.50 in economic benefits through improved health and productivity
    Source: Green Party Social Security Policy, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Child Poverty Action Group, New Economics Foundation, Office for Budget Responsibility, Social Metrics Commission
  • Housing and infrastructure - £30 billion annually additional investment
    • £15 billion building 150,000 social homes annually to highest environmental standards
    • £5 billion retrofitting existing social housing to eliminate fuel poverty
    • £5 billion public transport investment including free bus travel expansion
    • £3 billion active travel infrastructure creating cycling and walking networks
    • £2 billion digital infrastructure ensuring universal gigabit broadband
    • Funded through infrastructure bonds, land value capture and redirected road building budgets
    • Every £1 spent on social housing generates £2.84 in economic benefits
    • Homelessness costs £26,000 per person annually in emergency services
    Source: Green Party Housing Policy, Shelter, National Housing Federation, Building Research Establishment, National Infrastructure Commission, KPMG Infrastructure Economics
  • Energy company renationalisation saving £2.7 billion annually in private profits
    • Eliminates £2.7 billion in annual private profits that could be reinvested in renewable energy
    • Reduces consumer bills by 10-15% by removing profit motive from essential service
    • Eliminates £1.2 billion in executive bonuses and shareholder dividends annually
    • Publicly owned Scottish Water charges 20% less than English private companies with better service quality
    • Enables co-ordinated national planning for rapid transition to 100% renewable energy by 2030
    • Creates 400,000 stable public sector jobs in renewable energy and grid modernisation
    • German municipal energy companies deliver cheaper prices and faster renewable transition
    Source: Green Party Energy Policy, Public Ownership Project, Common Wealth Think Tank, University of Greenwich PSIRU, Agora Energiewende, High Pay Centre, Ofgem
  • Water company renationalisation saving £2.4 billion annually in dividend payments
    • Ends £2.4 billion annual dividend payments to shareholders since privatisation
    • Enables £10 billion investment in water infrastructure without profit extraction
    • Reduces water bills by 20% while improving service quality and environmental protection
    • Stops raw sewage discharges that have increased by 2,553% since privatisation
    • Eliminates complex regulatory bureaucracy saving £500 million annually
    • Creates 50,000 jobs in water infrastructure modernisation and river restoration
    • Prevents future water shortages through integrated national water management
    Source: Green Party Water Policy, We Own It, University of Greenwich Public Services International Research Unit, Environment Agency, Surfers Against Sewage, National Audit Office, Ofwat
  • Public transport renationalisation saving £1.5 billion annually in private profit extraction
    • Saves £1.5 billion annually in private profit extraction from public transport
    • Reduces fares by 10% making public transport accessible to all income levels
    • Publicly owned East Coast Mainline returned £1 billion to treasury during public operation
    • Enables integrated ticketing and co-ordinated service planning across regions
    • Accelerates transition to electric fleets through co-ordinated public investment
    • Creates 100,000 jobs in transport manufacturing and maintenance
    • Reduces road congestion saving economy £8 billion annually in lost productivity
    Source: Green Party Transport Policy, Transport for Quality of Life, Campaign for Better Transport, National Audit Office, TUC, Department for Transport, Office of Rail and Road
  • Royal Mail and broadband renationalisation saving £1 billion annually
    • Royal Mail privatisation cost £1 billion in lost public assets and annual dividend extraction
    • Public broadband network reduces costs by 40% compared to private provision (OECD evidence)
    • Eliminates digital divide affecting 10% of UK households without adequate broadband
    • Creates 50,000 jobs in fibre optic installation and network maintenance
    • Successful public broadband models in Sweden and South Korea show superior outcomes
    • Ensures universal service obligation for postal services protecting rural communities
    • Provides essential infrastructure for digital democracy and online public services
    Source: Green Party Digital Policy, Communication Workers Union, OECD Broadband Statistics, Broadband Stakeholder Group, European Commission Digital Scoreboard, Ofcom, Postal Services Commission
  • Climate change mitigation savings preventing £20 billion annually in climate damage by 2050
    • Avoids £20 billion annually in climate damage costs by 2050 through early action (Climate Change Committee)
    • Prevents 5,900 annual premature deaths from air pollution by 2030 saving NHS £1.7 billion
    • Reduces UK energy import dependence saving £50 billion annually by 2030
    • Nature restoration provides ecosystem services worth £30 billion annually to UK economy
    • Circular economy implementation saves £10 billion annually on resource costs and waste management
    • Flood prevention through natural water management saves £3 billion annually in damage costs
    • Improved agricultural resilience saves £1.5 billion annually in crop losses
    Source: Green Party Climate Policy, Climate Change Committee, OBR Fiscal Risks Report, Natural Capital Committee, Environment Agency, National Audit Office, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
  • Health and wellbeing savings from environmental improvements
    • Active travel infrastructure saves NHS £17 billion through increased physical activity preventing chronic diseases
    • Clean air policies prevent 40,000 premature deaths annually saving £20 billion in treatments and lost productivity
    • Warm home retrofitting reduces winter pressure on NHS services by 30% saving £1.4 billion annually
    • Green spaces improve mental health reducing antidepressant prescriptions by 25% saving £500 million
    • Healthy school meals reduce childhood obesity saving NHS £6.1 billion annually in related treatments
    • Reduced noise pollution from transport improvements saves £500 million in health and productivity costs
    Source: Green Party Health Policy, Public Health England, Royal College of Physicians, NHS Sustainable Development Unit, The King's Fund, British Heart Foundation, Mental Health Foundation
  • Resource efficiency and waste reduction savings
    • Circular economy implementation saves £10 billion annually through reduced material imports and waste management
    • Right to repair eliminates planned obsolescence saving consumers £2.4 billion annually
    • Plastic pollution elimination saves £700 million annual cleanup costs for local authorities and water companies
    • Food waste reduction saves £20 billion annually from farm to fork (WRAP)
    • Water efficiency measures save £2 billion annually in treatment and infrastructure costs
    • Industrial symbiosis and resource sharing saves £3 billion annually for businesses
    Source: Green Party Circular Economy Policy, Green Alliance, WRAP, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, Environmental Services Association, Circular Economy Institute, Greenpeace
  • Frequent flyer levy raising £5 billion annually
    • First flight each year tax-free, with increasing levies on subsequent flights targeting the 15% who take 70% of flights
    • Ensures fair contribution from aviation sector currently paying no fuel tax or VAT
    • Reduces aviation demand by 15% while raising £5 billion annually for green transport
    • Encourages rail substitution for domestic and short-haul European routes
    • Funds development of sustainable aviation fuels and electric aircraft research
    • Includes private jet tax of 50% on fuel and landing fees addressing extreme aviation inequality
    Source: Green Party Aviation Policy, Possible, New Economics Foundation, Committee on Climate Change, A Free Ride, Transport & Environment, Aviation Environment Federation
  • Digital services tax expansion raising £5 billion annually
    • Expands current 2% digital services tax to 5% on UK revenues of large tech companies
    • Includes social media, search engines, online marketplaces and streaming services
    • Tech companies pay average 9.5% tax rate vs 23% for traditional businesses
    • UK digital advertising market worth £21 billion annually dominated by 2 companies
    • Includes data mining tax on value extracted from UK users' personal data
    • Funds digital infrastructure, skills and regulatory enforcement
    Source: Green Party Digital Tax Policy, Fair Tax Mark, Tax Justice Network, Digital Culture Media and Sport Committee, Competition and Markets Authority, European Commission Digital Taxation
  • Fossil fuel subsidy redirect saving £10 billion annually
    • Ends £10 billion annual fossil fuel subsidies through tax breaks, funding and export finance
    • Includes tax relief for oil and gas exploration, capital allowances and reduced VAT on fuels
    • UK provides £4 billion annually in fossil fuel subsidies through UK Export Finance
    • Redirects funding to renewable energy, energy efficiency and just transition programmes
    • Prevents £11 billion in stranded assets as world transitions from fossil fuels
    • Aligns UK with G7 commitment to end inefficient fossil fuel subsidies by 2025
    Source: Green Party Energy Subsidy Policy, Oil Change International, ODI, IMF Energy Subsidy Reform, OBR, Green Alliance, E3G, Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy
  • Defence budget reallocation saving £15 billion annually
    • Reduces military spending from 2.3% to 1.5% of GDP still above NATO minimum of 1.3%
    • Cancels Trident replacement saving £205 billion over its lifetime
    • Ends arms exports to human rights abusing countries currently worth £8 billion annually
    • Redirects funding to climate resilience, conflict prevention and humanitarian aid
    • Creates civil defence corps focused on climate emergencies and community resilience
    • Funds peacebuilding and diplomatic solutions addressing root causes of conflict
    Source: Green Party Defence Policy, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Saferworld, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Ministry of Defence, NATO, Quaker Peace and Social Witness
  • Job creation and economic growth from green investment
    • Green New Deal creates 1.2 million jobs with multiplier effect creating additional 800,000 indirect jobs
    • Green investment generates 2.8x more jobs than equivalent fossil fuel spending (World Resources Institute)
    • Every £1 billion invested in green infrastructure creates 16,000-25,000 jobs across supply chains (IPPR)
    • Increased productivity from healthier workforce and reduced congestion adds 1.5% to GDP annually
    • Circular economy creates 450,000 jobs in repair, reuse and recycling sectors
    • Nature restoration creates 100,000 jobs in rewilding, forestry and conservation
    • Digital economy creates 500,000 jobs in tech, creative industries and digital services
    Source: Green Party Economic Policy, New Economics Foundation, IPPR, World Resources Institute, Office for National Statistics, CBI, TUC, Resolution Foundation
  • Regional development and reduced inequality
    • Targeted investment in former industrial areas reduces regional inequality costing £80 billion annually in lost output
    • Every £1 spent with local suppliers generates £1.76 for local economy through multiplier effects
    • Community wealth building in Preston increased local spending by 15% creating 1,600 jobs
    • Reduced health inequalities save £32 billion annually in lost productivity and increased services
    • Educational attainment improvements add £60 billion to GDP through increased productivity
    • Reduced crime and improved community safety save £40 billion annually in costs and lost output
    Source: Green Party Regional Policy, Centre for Cities, IPPR North, Centre for Local Economic Strategies, New Economics Foundation, Health Foundation, Ministry of Housing Communities and Local Government
  • Fiscal sustainability and debt reduction
    • Progressive taxation increases tax-to-GDP ratio from 33% to 38% still below OECD average of 34%
    • Economic growth from green investment increases tax revenues by £50 billion annually
    • Reduced welfare spending from employment and poverty reduction saves £20 billion annually
    • Public ownership savings and efficiency gains save £15 billion annually
    • Climate change mitigation prevents £100 billion in future fiscal costs by 2050
    • Health and social care integration saves £10 billion annually through preventative care
    • Debt-to-GDP ratio stabilises at 85% then reduces through sustained economic growth
    Source: Green Party Fiscal Policy, Office for Budget Responsibility, Institute for Fiscal Studies, OECD Revenue Statistics, IMF Fiscal Monitor, Resolution Foundation, National Audit Office
Evidence-Based Policies for Real Change: "Our policies are grounded in rigorous evidence, expert analysis, and real-world success stories from around the globe. We reject ideological dogma and focus on what actually works to create a fairer, greener society. Every Green policy is backed by comprehensive research, peer-reviewed studies, and practical implementation models that demonstrate their effectiveness."
  • "Greens want to legalise all drugs" - Evidence shows policy focuses on harm reduction and decriminalisation
    • Green policy advocates for decriminalisation of possession for personal use, not full commercial legalisation (Green Party Drug Policy 2023)
    • Portugal's decriminalisation model reduced drug deaths by 80% and increased treatment uptake (Transform Drug Policy Foundation)
    • Medical cannabis already legal in UK since 2018 - Greens propose expanding access
    • Current approach costs £19 billion annually in crime and health impacts (UK Drug Policy Commission)
    • 50+ health organisations support decriminalisation including Royal Society for Public Health and Faculty of Public Health
    • Conservative claim of "legalising all drugs" misrepresents evidence-based public health approach
    • Reform UK's "tough on drugs" rhetoric contradicts evidence from 30+ countries showing criminalisation increases harm
    • Scottish Government's harm reduction approach has majority public support despite UK government opposition
    Source: Green Party Policy Platform, Transform Drug Policy Foundation, Home Office, UK Drug Policy Commission, Royal Society for Public Health, Scottish Government, Health Service Journal
  • "Drug policy reform increases drug use" - Evidence shows no significant increase in use
    • Portugal drug use rates remain below European average after decriminalisation (EMCDDA)
    • Colorado cannabis legalisation saw youth use remain stable while tax funded schools and treatment (Colorado Department of Public Health)
    • Canadian legalisation reduced illicit market by 60% without increasing youth use (Health Canada)
    • UK has highest drug death rate in Europe despite prohibition - 4,900 deaths in 2022 (ONS)
    • Swiss heroin-assisted treatment reduced overdose deaths by 50% and crime by 90%
    • Netherlands has lower cannabis use rates than prohibitionist UK and US states
    • Conservative "tough approach" has failed - drug availability at all-time high while deaths triple since 2012
    • Reform UK's prohibitionist stance contradicts global evidence from 50+ countries showing regulation reduces harm
    Source: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Colorado DPH, Health Canada, Office for National Statistics, Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Netherlands Trimbos Institute, UN Office on Drugs and Crime
  • "This will lead to drug tourism" - Evidence from other countries shows minimal impact
    • Netherlands "weed pass" system successfully prevented drug tourism from neighbouring countries
    • Spanish cannabis social club model restricted to residents only
    • Uruguay legalisation limited to citizens with registration system
    • Portugal saw no increase in drug tourism after decriminalisation - use remains primarily domestic
    • Canadian legalisation included provincial control preventing cross-border issues
    • US states with legal cannabis saw initial tourism boost that normalised within 2 years
    • Conservative warnings of "Amsterdam-style coffee shops" ignore proposed UK model of members-only clubs
    • Green policy proposes strict regulation similar to alcohol, not free market
    Source: Dutch Ministry of Justice, Spanish Drug Strategy, Uruguay IRCCA, Portuguese Ministry of Health, Health Canada, US State Cannabis Regulations, UK Home Office
  • "Drug policy isn't an environmental issue" - Evidence shows environmental benefits of regulation
    • Illicit cannabis cultivation causes deforestation and pesticide pollution - regulation enables environmental standards
    • Current drug wars drive environmental destruction in producer countries
    • Legal cannabis can be grown sustainably with organic methods and carbon footprint reduction
    • Drug policy enforcement disproportionately targets minority communities - environmental justice includes social justice
    • Prisons have significant environmental footprint - reducing incarceration reduces carbon emissions
    • Medicinal plants research contributes to biodiversity conservation
    • Conservative separation of environmental and social issues ignores interconnected nature of crises
    • Green politics recognises connection between environmental sustainability and social justice
    Source: UN Environment Programme, Drug Policy Alliance, Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Justice, University of Colorado, RAND Corporation, Green Party Philosophical Basis
  • "This sends the wrong message to young people" - Evidence shows honest education works better
    • Portugal saw reduced youth drug use after decriminalisation with honest education (EMCDDA)
    • Canadian legalisation included strict age verification and youth prevention programmes
    • US states with legal cannabis saw no increase in youth use - some showed decreases (CDC)
    • Regulation enables proper age controls unlike illegal market that sells to anyone
    • Current prohibition makes drugs more accessible to young people through uncontrolled markets
    • Evidence-based drug education reduces harmful use more effectively than "just say no" approaches
    • Conservative "message" argument ignores that current policy has created record drug availability to young people
    • Green policy focuses on protecting young people through regulation and education, not criminalisation
    Source: EMCDDA, Health Canada, Centers for Disease Control, Mentor UK, Drug Education Forum, Youth Justice Board, Home Office Youth Survey
  • "We should focus on enforcement, not harm reduction" - Evidence shows enforcement fails
    • UK spends £1.6 billion annually on drug enforcement with rising availability and use (Home Office)
    • Every £1 spent on treatment saves £2.50 in criminal justice costs (Public Health England)
    • Drug-related deaths triple since 2012 despite increased enforcement spending
    • Supervised consumption rooms prevent deaths without increasing drug use (Cochrane Review)
    • Needle exchanges prevent HIV and hepatitis C at fraction of treatment costs (WHO)
    • Police time spent on possession offences could be used for serious crime
    • Conservative "tough on crime" approach has failed - drug trade more violent and profitable than ever
    • Reform UK's enforcement focus contradicts economic and public health evidence
    Source: Home Office, Public Health England, Office for National Statistics, Cochrane Collaboration, World Health Organization, National Police Chiefs' Council, UK Drug Policy Commission
  • "Medical evidence doesn't support cannabis legalisation" - Evidence shows therapeutic benefits
    • NICE guidelines recommend cannabis-based medicines for multiple conditions including epilepsy and MS
    • 150+ peer-reviewed studies show cannabis efficacy for chronic pain, nausea, and spasticity
    • UK already legalised medical cannabis in 2018 - Greens propose expanding access beyond current restrictions
    • FDA approved multiple cannabis-derived medicines including Epidiolex and Marinol
    • WHO recommended rescheduling cannabis recognising medical value in 2019
    • Conservative restrictions leave UK patients paying privately or using illegal sources
    • Reform UK's dismissal of medical cannabis contradicts NHS England's own prescribing guidelines
    • 40+ countries have legalised medical cannabis including conservative nations like Israel and Germany
    Source: NICE, Journal of the American Medical Association, NHS England, US Food and Drug Administration, World Health Organization, Medical Cannabis Clinicians Society, International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
  • "Public doesn't support drug policy reform" - Evidence shows majority support evidence-based approaches
    • 53% support decriminalisation of drug possession (YouGov 2023)
    • 68% support medical cannabis available on NHS (Ipsos MORI)
    • 48% support legal regulation of cannabis - higher among under-55s (BMJ Open)
    • 72% support overdose prevention centres to reduce deaths (Health Service Journal)
    • Majority of police and crime commissioners support diversion schemes over prosecution
    • Conservative claim of "public opposition" ignores consistent polling showing support for reform
    • Reform UK's hardline stance represents minority view - even Tory voters support medical cannabis access
    • Green policy aligns with public health experts, medical professionals and majority public opinion
    Source: YouGov, Ipsos MORI, BMJ Open, HSJ, Association of Police and Crime Commissioners, Royal College of Physicians, British Medical Association
  • Climate policies aligned with IPCC recommendations for limiting global heating to 1.5°C
    • IPCC 2022 report states immediate, rapid and large-scale emissions reductions are essential to avoid climate catastrophe
    • Green Party's 2030 net zero target aligns with Climate Change Committee's "Balanced Net Zero Pathway" requiring 78% reduction by 2035
    • 750+ UK scientists endorsed Green Party climate policies in 2023 open letter citing alignment with climate science
    • UK currently off-track for climate targets - projected to miss 2030 NDC by 25% without urgent policy changes (Climate Action Tracker)
    • Green New Deal investment of £100 billion over 10 years matches scale recommended by UN for developed nations
    • International Energy Agency Net Zero by 2050 roadmap requires no new fossil fuel projects - matching Green Party policy
    • NASA climate data shows 2023 was hottest year on record with 1.48°C warming, highlighting urgency of action
    • World Meteorological Organization confirms past 9 years were warmest on record globally
    Source: IPCC AR6 Report 2022, UK Climate Change Committee, Scientists for Global Responsibility, Climate Action Tracker, International Energy Agency, NASA, WMO
  • Economic policies endorsed by leading economists including Nobel laureates
    • Wealth tax proposal supported by 50+ leading economists including Thomas Piketty and Gabriel Zucman
    • Green New Deal investment multiplier of 2.8x confirmed by IMF research on green infrastructure spending
    • LSE research shows wealth taxes on top 1% have minimal economic impact while reducing inequality
    • 4-day week trials show 20% productivity increase - supported by 78% of businesses in UK pilot programme
    • Public ownership of utilities saves consumers 15-20% based on analysis of European public energy companies
    • Institute for Public Policy Research analysis confirms Green Party tax proposals would raise £150 billion annually while being progressive
    • 2024 UNCTAD report shows inequality at record levels globally, supporting need for wealth redistribution
    • IMF Fiscal Monitor 2024 confirms progressive taxation does not harm economic growth when properly designed
    Source: Economists for Inclusive Prosperity, IMF Fiscal Monitor 2023/2024, London School of Economics, 4 Day Week Campaign, IPPR, University of Greenwich Public Services International Research Unit, UNCTAD, IMF
  • Public health policies based on WHO guidance and epidemiological research
    • WHO recommends universal healthcare coverage as most cost-effective health system model
    • Clean air policies would prevent 40,000 premature deaths annually (Royal College of Physicians)
    • Active travel infrastructure returns £5.50 for every £1 invested through health benefits (Public Health England)
    • Mental health funding parity recommended by The Lancet Commission on global mental health
    • Universal free school meals improve educational outcomes by 2 months progress annually (Education Endowment Foundation)
    • NHS funding increase to 11% of GDP matches OECD average for developed healthcare systems
    • British Medical Association 2024 report shows NHS privatisation costs £9.7 billion annually in excess profits
    • European Environment Agency estimates 238,000 premature deaths from air pollution in EU in 2022
    Source: World Health Organization, Royal College of Physicians, Public Health England, The Lancet, Education Endowment Foundation, OECD Health Statistics, BMA, EEA
  • Renewable energy transitions successfully implemented in multiple countries
    • Uruguay achieved 98% renewable electricity in under 10 years while reducing costs
    • Scotland generated 97% of electricity from renewables in 2020, proving UK potential
    • German Energiewende created 300,000 jobs in renewable energy sector
    • Portugal ran for 6 days on 100% renewables in 2023, demonstrating grid stability
    • Iceland transitioned to 100% renewable electricity and heating through geothermal
    • Cost of renewables fell 89% for solar and 70% for wind since 2010 (IRENA)
    • Denmark now generates over 50% of electricity from wind power consistently
    • Costa Rica has operated on over 98% renewable energy for 8 consecutive years
    Source: International Renewable Energy Agency, Scottish Government, German Federal Environment Agency, Portugal National Energy Network, Our World in Data, Danish Energy Agency, Costa Rica Electricity Institute
  • Wealth taxes and progressive taxation working effectively worldwide
    • Norway's wealth tax (0.7-1.1%) funds universal childcare and education
    • Switzerland's wealth taxes (0.05-0.94%) support world-class public services
    • Spain's temporary wealth tax raised €1.5 billion for cost-of-living support
    • OECD research shows wealth taxes can reduce inequality without harming growth
    • French wealth tax generated €5 billion annually before being repealed for political reasons
    • US states with higher top tax rates have stronger economic growth (CBPP analysis)
    • Argentina's 2023 wealth tax raised $2.4 billion for pandemic recovery programmes
    • Colombia's wealth tax funds universal basic income pilot programmes
    Source: OECD Tax Database, Norwegian Tax Administration, Swiss Federal Tax Administration, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, EU Tax Observatory, Argentine Ministry of Economy, Colombian National Planning Department
  • Public ownership models delivering better outcomes across Europe
    • Publicly owned Scottish Water charges 20% less than English private companies
    • German municipal energy companies deliver cheaper prices and faster renewable transition
    • French state-owned EDF has built Europe's largest renewable energy portfolio
    • Norwegian state oil company Equinor leading transition to renewables
    • Public broadband in Sweden delivers faster speeds at lower costs than UK private providers
    • East Coast Mainline returned £1 billion to treasury during public operation
    • Publicly-owned Finnish energy company Fortum provides cheaper electricity than UK private sector
    • Singapore's public housing model houses 80% of population with 90% home ownership rate
    Source: University of Greenwich PSIRU, German Association of Municipal Companies, OECD Broadband Statistics, National Audit Office, French Court of Auditors, Fortum Annual Report, Singapore Housing Development Board
  • "Green policies are unaffordable" - Evidence shows they save money long-term
    • Climate inaction costs UK economy £20 billion annually and rising (Climate Change Committee)
    • Every £1 spent on insulation saves £4 in NHS and energy costs (National Energy Action)
    • Wealth tax affects only 1% while funding services for 100% - net benefit to economy
    • Public ownership eliminates £9.7 billion annual profit extraction from NHS by private providers
    • Green investment generates 2.8x more jobs than equivalent fossil fuel spending (World Resources Institute)
    • UK currently spends £50 billion annually on fossil fuel imports - renewable transition improves energy security
    • Office for Budget Responsibility estimates climate change could increase UK debt by 23% of GDP by 2070 without action
    • European Central Bank analysis shows climate inaction poses greater financial stability risks than transition costs
    Source: Climate Change Committee, National Energy Action, Centre for Health and the Public Interest, World Resources Institute, Office for National Statistics, OBR, ECB
  • "Green policies cost jobs" - Evidence shows net job creation
    • Green New Deal creates 1.2 million jobs in renewable energy, retrofitting and nature restoration
    • Renewable energy creates 5-7 jobs per £1 million invested vs 2.7 in fossil fuels (University of Massachusetts)
    • Just Transition Fund ensures no workers left behind - German Ruhr Valley transition created more jobs than lost
    • Circular economy creates 450,000 jobs in repair, reuse and recycling
    • Green apprenticeships create pathways to skilled, well-paid careers
    • UK offshore wind sector supports 26,000 jobs currently, projected to reach 69,800 by 2026
    • International Labour Organization estimates green transition could create 24 million new jobs globally by 2030
    • US Inflation Reduction Act has already created 210,000 new clean energy jobs in first year
    Source: University of Massachusetts "Green Growth" study, German Federal Environment Agency, Green Alliance, RenewableUK, IPPR, ILO, US Department of Energy
  • "Green policies harm the economy" - Evidence shows economic benefits
    • Countries with stronger environmental regulations have higher innovation rates (OECD)
    • UK green economy grew 9% in 2022 vs 1% overall economy (Office for National Statistics)
    • Green technology exports could be worth £50 billion annually by 2030 (Carbon Trust)
    • Energy efficiency improvements save businesses £6 billion annually in reduced costs
    • Early movers in green technology gain competitive advantage - China dominates solar manufacturing
    • Sustainable companies outperform peers in stock market returns (Oxford University research)
    • World Economic Forum estimates nature-positive business models could create $10 trillion in annual business value
    • EU Green Deal has stimulated €1 trillion in sustainable investment since 2020
    Source: OECD, Office for National Statistics, Carbon Trust, Energy Saving Trust, University of Oxford, FTSE Environmental Markets Index, WEF, European Commission
  • 2023-2024 academic research supporting Green policy positions
    • Lancet Countdown 2023: Health benefits of climate action outweigh costs 9:1
    • Nature study 2023: Every £1 spent on nature restoration returns £7-£100 in benefits
    • IMF 2024: Carbon taxes with dividend payments are progressive and reduce emissions
    • Oxford University 2023: Rapid renewable transition saves $12 trillion vs fossil fuels
    • IPCC 2023: Climate adaptation costs 10x higher for delayed action
    • World Bank 2024: Green investment creates 3x more jobs than fossil fuel spending
    • Science journal 2024: Climate tipping points closer than expected with current warming
    • Nature Energy 2024: Renewable energy communities increase public acceptance of transition by 65%
    Source: The Lancet, Nature Journal, International Monetary Fund, University of Oxford, IPCC, World Bank, Science, Nature Energy
  • Real-world policy implementations demonstrating Green policy effectiveness
    • Wales 20mph default: 40% reduction in collisions in first year
    • Nottingham workplace parking levy: £70 million raised for public transport
    • Scottish free tuition: Increased participation from disadvantaged backgrounds
    • London ULEZ: 50% reduction in toxic air pollution in central London
    • Preston Model: 15% increase in local spending through community wealth building
    • Bristol One City Plan: 70% carbon reduction since 2005 while economy grew
    • Leeds flood defences prevented £500 million in damage during 2023 storms
    • Manchester Clean Air Zone reduced NO2 pollution by 30% in first 6 months
    Source: Welsh Government, Nottingham City Council, Scottish Funding Council, Transport for London, Centre for Local Economic Strategies, Bristol City Council, Environment Agency, Manchester City Council
  • Public opinion and democratic mandate for Green policies
    • 72% of public support renationalising energy companies (We Own It polling)
    • 68% support wealth tax on those with over £10 million (Survation)
    • 64% support 4-day working week with no loss of pay (IPPR)
    • 59% support free public transport for under-18s (Campaign for Better Transport)
    • Green Party has quadrupled membership since 2014 to over 50,000 members
    • Green MPs elected in 2024 with highest-ever vote share in target seats
    • 2024 European elections saw Green parties gain seats in 12 EU countries
    • Global Pew Research shows 72% of people across 19 countries see climate change as major threat
    Source: We Own It, Survation, IPPR, Campaign for Better Transport, Green Party membership data, Electoral Commission, European Parliament, Pew Research Center
  • "Green policies will increase your taxes" - Evidence shows overall tax burden shifts to wealthiest
    • Wealth tax affects only top 1% with assets over £10 million - 99% pay nothing (Green Party Manifesto 2024)
    • Institute for Fiscal Studies analysis shows current tax system disproportionately burdens middle earners
    • Corporation tax increases target excessive profits, not small businesses
    • Financial transaction tax primarily affects high-frequency trading, not ordinary investors
    • UK has one of lowest wealth taxes in OECD - room for progressive reform
    • Tax justice measures recover £40 billion annually lost to avoidance and evasion (Tax Justice UK)
    • Public service improvements reduce household costs for healthcare, transport and education
    • Switzerland combines wealth taxes with lower income taxes for middle earners
    • Reform UK's claim of "£40bn tax bombshell" ignores that 95% would be paid by wealthiest 1% (IFS analysis)
    • Conservative claim that "Green taxes hurt ordinary families" contradicted by Resolution Foundation research showing current system most burdensome to low and middle incomes
    • Green tax proposals would reduce tax burden for 80% of households while asking wealthiest to pay fair share (LSE research)
    • Reform UK's proposed tax cuts would overwhelmingly benefit highest earners - IFS analysis shows top 10% would gain 5x more than bottom 50% combined
    • Conservative "tax lock" pledges have resulted in highest tax burden since 1940s through stealth taxes and fiscal drag (IFS)
    • UK's tax gap (unpaid taxes) estimated at £36 billion annually - collecting this would fund public services without raising rates (HMRC)
    Source: Green Party Manifesto 2024, IFS, OECD, Tax Justice Network, HMRC, Swiss Federal Tax Administration, Resolution Foundation, London School of Economics
  • "Net zero means banning everything you enjoy" - Evidence shows quality of life improvements
    • EVs offer better acceleration, lower maintenance and cheaper running costs
    • Plant-based diets associated with 25% lower mortality rates (Harvard Medical School)
    • Active travel improves physical and mental health - cycling commuters have 45% lower cancer risk
    • Clean air enables outdoor activities without health risks
    • Energy efficient homes are more comfortable with stable temperatures
    • Circular economy products often higher quality and longer-lasting
    • Public spaces improve with reduced traffic noise and pollution
    • Renewable energy means energy independence and price stability
    • Reform UK's "war on motorists" rhetoric ignores that most car trips under 5 miles could be walked/cycled, saving families £3,000 annually (RAC Foundation)
    • Conservative "anti-meat" claims misrepresent policy - Greens advocate for reduced meat consumption, not elimination, with health and environmental benefits
    • Quality of life improves with cleaner air, less noise pollution, and more green spaces - not restrictions
    • Reform UK's "15-minute city conspiracy theories" debunked by urban planners worldwide - concept simply means better access to local amenities
    • Conservative attacks on ULEZ ignore that 9 out of 10 cars in outer London already compliant and poorest Londoners least likely to own cars (TfL)
    • Green policies promote freedom from fossil fuel price volatility, pollution-related illness, and climate disruption
    Source: Harvard School of Public Health, British Medical Journal, UK Health Security Agency, Energy Saving Trust, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, WHO, RAC Foundation, DEFRA, Transport for London, Royal Town Planning Institute
  • "Britain is too small to make a difference" - Evidence shows global leadership role
    • UK is 8th largest historical emitter - moral responsibility to lead (Global Carbon Project)
    • British innovation has global impact - UK research institutions rank 2nd globally
    • City of London influence means UK financial regulations affect global markets
    • Commonwealth relationships provide platform for climate diplomacy
    • UK offshore wind expertise exported globally - 25% of global capacity
    • British universities lead climate research with 4 in top 10 globally
    • UK diplomatic power amplified through climate leadership as G7 member
    • COP26 presidency demonstrated UK's convening power on global stage
    • Reform UK's "UK emissions are tiny" argument ignores that UK per capita emissions are double world average and we export emissions through imports
    • UK climate leadership inspired EU Green Deal and US Inflation Reduction Act - proving influence beyond our size
    • British technology exports in green sectors reached £63bn in 2023 - demonstrating economic benefits of leadership (ONS)
    • Conservative "Britain alone" approach has diminished UK influence globally, while climate leadership could restore soft power
    • UK's seat on UN Security Council provides platform to advance global climate security agenda
    • London as global financial centre positions UK to lead green finance revolution affecting capital flows worldwide
    Source: Global Carbon Project, Times Higher Education, TheCityUK, Commonwealth Secretariat, RenewableUK, QS World University Rankings, Foreign Office, ONS, European Commission, White House, UN Security Council, City of London Corporation
  • "This is all just woke ideology" - Evidence shows policies based on science and practicality
    • Climate science dates to 19th century - Fourier identified greenhouse effect in 1824
    • Economic evidence for wealth taxes comes from OECD and IMF, not ideology
    • Public ownership models proven in multiple European countries with better outcomes
    • Health benefits of active transport documented by medical journals worldwide
    • Renewable energy costs now lower than fossil fuels based on market data
    • Circular economy principles based on material flow analysis and systems engineering
    • Four-day week trials show productivity improvements across multiple sectors
    • Evidence-based policy uses data and evaluation, unlike ideological approaches
    • Reform UK's dismissal of climate science contradicts 99.9% of peer-reviewed research and every major scientific academy worldwide
    • Conservative "anti-woke" attacks on environmental policies ignore that 81% of British public support stronger climate action (BEIS Public Attitudes Tracker)
    • Green policies based on practical solutions from successful implementation in other countries, not abstract theory
    • Reform UK's climate denial contradicts UK's world-leading scientific institutions including Royal Society and Met Office
    • Conservative culture wars distract from their failure to deliver on housing, NHS and living standards
    • "Woke" accusations typically deployed when evidence contradicts ideological positions
    Source: Royal Society, OECD, IMF, British Medical Journal, Lazard Levelized Cost of Energy, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 4 Day Week Global, NASA, BEIS Public Attitudes Tracker, Met Office, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • "Green energy can't power our economy" - Evidence shows reliability and cost benefits
    • UK offshore wind generated record 28% of electricity in 2023, proving scalability (National Grid ESO)
    • National Grid ESO confirms renewables can provide 100% of UK electricity by 2035 with proper investment
    • Battery storage costs fallen 89% since 2010, solving intermittency concerns (BloombergNEF)
    • Green hydrogen can provide seasonal storage and backup power
    • Interconnectors with Europe provide backup capacity equivalent to 6 nuclear power plants
    • Renewables + storage now cheaper than new fossil fuel plants (Carbon Brief analysis)
    • Smart grids and demand response can reduce peak demand by 15% without affecting consumers
    • Reform UK's claim that renewables are unreliable ignores technological advances in storage and grid management
    • Conservative support for new fossil fuels ignores IEA warning that no new oil and gas fields compatible with 1.5°C target
    • Fossil fuel price volatility cost UK households £500 each in 2022 energy crisis - renewables provide price stability
    • Reform UK's claim that "wind doesn't always blow" ignores diversified renewable mix including solar, tidal, geothermal and biomass
    • Conservative delays on grid upgrades creating artificial bottlenecks - Germany with similar climate generates 50% renewable electricity consistently
    • UK has best renewable resources in Europe - potential for 1000GW offshore wind alone (Carbon Trust)
    Source: National Grid ESO, BloombergNEF, Carbon Brief, International Energy Agency, Energy Systems Catapult, Ofgem, ONS, Carbon Trust, German Federal Environment Agency
  • "Immigration is the real problem, not climate" - Evidence shows climate change drives migration
    • World Bank estimates 216 million climate migrants by 2050 if no climate action
    • UK Ministry of Defence identifies climate change as "threat multiplier" for global conflicts
    • Syrian civil war preceded by worst drought in 900 years, displacing 1.5 million people
    • Climate impacts in food-producing regions will increase global food price volatility
    • UK climate leadership reduces future migration pressures by supporting global adaptation
    • Reform UK's focus on immigration while ignoring climate drivers is counterproductive and ignores expert warnings
    • Conservative failure to address climate change will increase future migration pressures to UK
    • Climate-resilient UK economy better positioned to manage global instability
    • Reform UK's immigration policies would do nothing to address root causes of displacement while UK bears moral responsibility as historical emitter
    • Conservative cuts to international climate finance have reduced UK's ability to support adaptation in vulnerable countries
    • Climate impacts already displacing 20 million people annually worldwide - more than conflict (IDMC)
    Source: World Bank, UK Ministry of Defence, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, UNHCR, Foreign Office, Chatham House, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Oxfam
  • "We should focus on the economy, not climate" - Evidence shows climate action boosts economy
    • UK green economy grew 9.7% in 2023 vs 0.1% overall economy (ONS)
    • Green jobs pay 21% above national average wage (KPMG analysis)
    • Every £1 invested in green transition generates £4-£7 in economic benefits (LSE)
    • UK risks losing £240bn in economic opportunities without green industrial strategy (CBI)
    • China dominates 80% of global renewable manufacturing - early investment paid off
    • US Inflation Reduction Act has attracted £500bn in green investment in first 18 months
    • EU Green Deal stimulating €1.2 trillion in sustainable investment
    • Reform UK's "economy vs environment" false choice contradicted by all major economic institutions
    • Conservative delay on green investment has cost UK potential leadership in offshore wind, batteries and green hydrogen
    • Reform UK's economic plan based on outdated fossil fuel economy would leave UK uncompetitive as world transitions
    • Conservative mismanagement has created worst economic growth in G7 since 2010 (IMF)
    • Green industrial strategy could add 1.5% to UK GDP annually by 2030 (Cambridge Econometrics)
    Source: ONS, KPMG, London School of Economics, Confederation of British Industry, IEA, White House, European Commission, Bank of England, IMF, Cambridge Econometrics
  • "Green policies threaten our national security" - Evidence shows climate inaction is greater threat
    • UK spent £117bn on fossil fuel imports since Ukraine invasion - renewables enhance energy security (ONS)
    • Ministry of Defence identifies climate change as top security threat in 2023 review
    • Fossil fuel dependence funds authoritarian regimes - Russia earned £1.2bn from UK oil imports since invasion
    • Renewables make UK energy independent - no imports required
    • Distributed renewable generation more resilient to attack than centralised fossil plants
    • Climate impacts increasing military deployments for disaster response
    • Reform UK's support for fossil fuels increases UK vulnerability to global price shocks and supply disruptions
    • Conservative failure to insulate homes leaves UK vulnerable to future energy crises
    • Reform UK's energy policy would keep UK dependent on volatile global gas markets controlled by authoritarian regimes
    • Conservative cuts to flood defences have left 5.2 million properties at risk of flooding (Environment Agency)
    • Climate change increasing strain on UK armed forces through more frequent disaster response deployments
    Source: ONS, UK Ministry of Defence, Global Witness, Energy Security Group, Royal United Services Institute, Climate Change Committee, Environment Agency, Chatham House
  • "The Greens want to take us back to the stone age" - Evidence shows innovation and progress
    • Green policies embrace latest technology - EVs, smart grids, heat pumps, AI optimisation
    • UK ranks 4th globally in green technology innovation (Global Innovation Index)
    • Green investment stimulates R&D - UK patent applications for green tech up 47% since 2020
    • Digitalisation enables remote working, reducing commuting and office energy use
    • Circular economy uses advanced materials science and manufacturing techniques
    • Precision agriculture uses drones and sensors to reduce fertiliser use
    • Reform UK's characterisation of Greens as "anti-progress" ignores that we support most advanced clean technologies
    • Conservative attachment to 20th century technologies (internal combustion, gas boilers) is what's outdated
    • Reform UK's nostalgia for industrial past ignores that green economy represents future high-skilled jobs
    • Conservative planning reforms blocking onshore renewables while China installs equivalent of 5 Hinkley Points in solar annually
    • Green transition represents largest economic transformation since Industrial Revolution - opportunity, not regression
    Source: World Intellectual Property Organization, UK Intellectual Property Office, Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, National Farmers Union, IEA, University of Oxford
  • "The cost of living crisis means we can't afford green policies" - Evidence shows green policies reduce living costs
    • Home insulation saves average household £580 annually on energy bills (NEA)
    • Public transport investment reduces transport costs for low-income households
    • Free school meals save families £500 per child annually
    • Public ownership of energy could reduce bills by £200 annually per household
    • Active travel infrastructure saves households average £1,100 annually in transport costs
    • Wealth tax funds public services that reduce pressure on household budgets
    • Reform UK's opposition to green policies would keep households vulnerable to fossil fuel price shocks
    • Conservative failure to insulate homes has cost households £18bn in excess energy bills since 2013
    • Reform UK's energy policy would perpetuate volatile gas prices that caused 2022 cost of living crisis
    • Conservative cuts to energy efficiency programmes have left UK with worst insulated housing in Western Europe
    • Green policies address root causes of cost of living crisis: energy inefficiency, corporate profiteering, underfunded public services
    Source: National Energy Action, Campaign for Better Transport, Child Poverty Action Group, Public Ownership Project, Sustrans, IFS, Energy Saving Trust, European Commission, Unison
  • "Net zero is too expensive" - Evidence shows costs of inaction are higher
    • Climate change costs UK economy £20 billion annually and projected to reach £50 billion by 2050 (Climate Change Committee)
    • 2022 heatwave caused £6 billion economic damage through infrastructure strain and lost productivity
    • Fossil fuel price volatility cost UK £50 billion in extra energy imports in 2022 alone
    • Flood damage costs £1.3 billion annually and rising with climate impacts
    • UK net zero costs estimated at 1-2% GDP vs 3-10% GDP for climate damage by 2100 (IMF)
    • Renewables now cheapest form of new electricity - solar costs fallen 89% since 2010
    • Bank of England estimates climate change could wipe off 10% of UK household wealth by 2050
    • LSE research shows delaying climate action increases costs by 40% for every decade of delay
    • Reform UK's net zero delay would cost UK economy £90 billion more than accelerated transition (Carbon Trust)
    • Conservative net zero review cut climate policies that would have saved households £400 annually through efficiency
    • Climate adaptation costs rising faster than mitigation - every £1 spent on prevention saves £7-10 in damages (World Bank)
    Source: Climate Change Committee, Met Office, Office for National Statistics, International Monetary Fund, International Renewable Energy Agency, Bank of England, LSE, Carbon Trust, World Bank
  • "Green policies are anti-motorist" - Evidence shows benefits for all transport users
    • Active travel infrastructure returns £5.50 for every £1 invested (Department for Transport)
    • Low traffic neighbourhoods reduce air pollution by 25% and increase walking/cycling by 40%
    • Public transport investment reduces congestion saving economy £8 billion annually in lost productivity
    • EV transition saves average driver £1,000 annually in fuel and maintenance costs
    • 15-minute neighbourhoods reduce car dependency by 40% while improving access to services
    • School streets programmes reduce child exposure to toxic air pollution by 70%
    • Paris pedestrianisation has boosted local business revenues by 30% in affected areas
    • Barcelona superblocks have reduced traffic noise pollution by 40% and increased social interaction
    • Reform UK's "war on motorists" narrative ignores that most car-dependent households are poorest, spending 25% of income on transport (RAC Foundation)
    • Conservative cancellation of northern rail projects has left car-dependent communities with fewer transport options
    • Green transport policy gives people choice, not restrictions - better public transport, safe cycling, and affordable EVs
    Source: Department for Transport, Living Streets, RAC Foundation, Energy Saving Trust, C40 Cities, British Lung Foundation, Paris City Council, Barcelona Urban Ecology Agency, Transport for the North
  • "We can't afford green transition during cost of living crisis" - Evidence shows green policies reduce living costs
    • Home insulation saves average household £400 annually on energy bills
    • Public ownership of energy reduces bills by 10-15% by eliminating profit extraction
    • Free public transport for under-18s and over-65s saves families £1,200 annually
    • Wealth tax funds public services reducing pressure on household budgets
    • Circular economy and repair culture reduces consumption costs by 25%
    • Community energy projects provide cheaper, locally-owned power
    • German energy cooperatives provide electricity 15% cheaper than major suppliers
    • French energy price caps saved households €200 annually during 2022 energy crisis
    • Reform UK's opposition to green policies would perpetuate high energy bills from volatile fossil fuels
    • Conservative failure to invest in renewables has left UK with highest electricity prices in Europe (Eurostat)
    • Green policies address root causes of cost of living crisis: corporate profiteering, energy waste, underinvestment in public services
    Source: National Energy Action, Public Ownership Project, Campaign for Better Transport, Green Alliance, Community Energy England, German Energy Cooperatives Association, French Energy Regulatory Commission, Eurostat, New Economics Foundation
  • "Green policies will destroy British industry" - Evidence shows competitive advantages
    • UK green industries grew 9.7% in 2022 vs 0.7% overall economy (ONS)
    • British offshore wind industry leads Europe with 13GW capacity and 26,000 jobs
    • EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism will penalise imports from countries without carbon pricing
    • German industrial strategy prioritises green hydrogen and renewables for competitive advantage
    • China dominates 80% of global solar panel manufacturing - early investment paid off
    • US Inflation Reduction Act has attracted £300 billion in green manufacturing investment
    • UK risks being left behind without comparable green industrial strategy
    • Circular economy could save UK manufacturers £3 billion annually in material costs (WRAP)
    • Reform UK's industrial policy based on 1970s industries would make UK uncompetitive in 21st century global economy
    • Conservative failure to match US and EU green subsidies has already caused £1.5bn in lost investment (Make UK)
    • Green industrial strategy positions UK for future growth markets: renewables, EVs, circular economy, sustainable finance
    Source: Office for National Statistics, RenewableUK, European Commission, German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs, IEA, White House, WRAP, Make UK, CBI
  • "The Greens are anti-growth" - Evidence shows green policies deliver sustainable growth
    • Green economy growing 4x faster than overall economy (ONS)
    • Every £1 of public green investment leverages £2-3 of private investment (LSE)
    • UK's nature-based economy contributes £50 billion annually and supports 500,000 jobs (Wildlife Trusts)
    • Circular economy could add £75 billion to UK economy by 2030 (Ellen MacArthur Foundation)
    • Countries with stronger environmental regulations show higher productivity growth (OECD)
    • Green innovation accounts for 35% of UK patent applications (UKIPO)
    • Reform UK's growth model based on resource extraction is economically and environmentally obsolete
    • Conservative "growth at all costs" approach has delivered lowest growth in G7 while increasing inequality
    • Green growth focuses on quality, resilience and sustainability - not just GDP figures
    Source: ONS, London School of Economics, Wildlife Trusts, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, OECD, UK Intellectual Property Office, IMF, Resolution Foundation
From Evidence to Action: "Our commitment to evidence-based policies translates into concrete action for peace, justice, and sustainability. We don't just identify problems - we implement proven solutions. The Green Party takes principled stands on domestic and international issues, from climate justice to human rights, backed by our core values of social justice, environmental sustainability, and non-violence."
  • Immediate ceasefire and lasting peace in Palestine
    • Green Party was first UK political party to call for immediate ceasefire in Gaza in October 2023
    • Caroline Lucas tabled Early Day Motion 5 for immediate ceasefire signed by 120 MPs
    • Greens support South Africa's case at International Court of Justice alleging Israeli violations of Genocide Convention
    • Party policy demands end to UK arms sales to Israel, worth £474 million since 2015
    • Greens call for sanctions on Israel until compliance with international law
    • Policy supports recognition of Palestinian state alongside Israel based on 1967 borders
    • Greens advocate for International Criminal Court investigation of war crimes by all parties
    • Party supports Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israeli settlements
    Source: Green Party of England and Wales Policy Statements, House of Commons Early Day Motion 5, UK Arms Export Licences Database, International Court of Justice, UN Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs
  • Humanitarian action and refugee support
    • Greens call for UK to restore and increase funding to UNRWA following unfounded allegations
    • Policy demands UK accept Palestinian refugees through resettlement programmes
    • Greens advocate for humanitarian corridors for aid delivery to Gaza
    • Party supports investigation of attacks on healthcare facilities and personnel
    • Greens call for protection of journalists in conflict zones
    • Policy demands accountability for use of starvation as weapon of war
    • Greens support reconstruction aid with Palestinian leadership and oversight
    • Party advocates for mental health support for trauma victims on all sides
    Source: Green Party Conference 2023 Resolutions, UNRWA, Doctors Without Borders, Committee to Protect Journalists, International Committee of the Red Cross, World Health Organization
  • Diplomatic and political action
    • Greens demand UK support UN Security Council resolutions for ceasefire
    • Party calls for suspension of EU-Israel Association Agreement until human rights compliance
    • Policy supports universal jurisdiction for war crimes in UK courts
    • Greens advocate for arms embargo through UN Security Council
    • Party supports investigation of unlawful settlements as war crime under Rome Statute
    • Greens call for protection of civilian infrastructure including schools and hospitals
    • Policy demands end to administrative detention and military courts for Palestinians
    • Greens support right of return for Palestinian refugees under international law
    Source: Green Party International Policy, United Nations Security Council, European Union External Action Service, International Criminal Court, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, B'Tselem
  • Green New Deal implementation
    • £100 billion annual investment in green transition over 10 years
    • Create 1.2 million green jobs in renewable energy, retrofitting and restoration
    • 2030 net zero target aligned with climate science and equity principles
    • Nationalise Big Five energy companies to control transition
    • Free insulation and heat pumps for all homes by 2035
    • Ban new fossil fuel licences and phase out existing extraction
    • Massive expansion of public transport and active travel infrastructure
    • Plant 700 million trees and restore 50% of UK land for nature by 2050
    Source: Green Party Manifesto 2024, Green New Deal Bill, Committee on Climate Change, IPPR, TUC, Friends of the Earth
  • Climate justice and international solidarity
    • Cancel debt for Global South countries facing climate impacts
    • Provide £100 billion annually in climate finance to developing nations
    • Support loss and damage fund for climate-vulnerable communities
    • End fossil fuel investments in Global South by UK institutions
    • Technology transfer for renewable energy to developing countries
    • Climate refugee visas for those displaced by environmental changes
    • Debt-for-nature swaps to protect biodiversity hotspots
    • Reparations for historical ecological damage from colonialism
    Source: Green Party International Policy, UNFCCC, Climate Action Network, War on Want, Global Justice Now, Oxfam
  • Wealth redistribution and public ownership
    • Wealth tax of 1% on assets over £10 million, 2% over £1 billion
    • Increase corporation tax to 40% for large corporations
    • Financial transaction tax of 0.5% on speculative trading
    • Nationalise rail, water, energy and mail services
    • Universal Basic Income of £60 per week for all adults
    • £15 minimum wage for all workers regardless of age
    • Four-day working week with no loss of pay
    • Close tax loopholes and havens, raising £40 billion annually
    Source: Green Party Economic Policy, Tax Justice UK, New Economics Foundation, IPPR, Progressive Economy Forum
  • Universal public services
    • Fully fund NHS and reverse privatisation - increase spending to 11% of GDP
    • Free social care for all provided through national care service
    • Abolish university tuition fees and restore maintenance grants
    • Universal free school meals for all primary and secondary students
    • Build 150,000 social homes annually and introduce rent controls
    • Free public transport for under-18s, over-65s and disabled people
    • Nationalise and expand bus services with £10 billion investment
    • Universal broadband as public utility with minimum 100Mb/s speed
    Source: Green Party Public Services Policy, NHS England, National Education Union, Shelter, Campaign for Better Transport, Age UK
  • Constitutional and voting reform
    • Proportional representation for all elections
    • Lower voting age to 16 for all elections
    • Abolish House of Lords, replace with elected Senate of Nations and Regions
    • Devolve power to English regions with regional assemblies
    • Right of recall for MPs who break promises or engage in misconduct
    • Citizens' assemblies on major constitutional issues
    • Strengthen Freedom of Information and whistleblower protections
    • Cap political donations at £10,000 per person annually
    Source: Green Party Democracy Policy, Electoral Reform Society, Make Votes Matter, Unlock Democracy, Constitution Society
  • Human rights and equality
    • Enshrine Right to Nature in law with access to green space
    • Strengthen Equality Act with socio-economic duty
    • Trans rights and self-identification without medical gatekeeping
    • End Hostile Environment and implement safe migration routes
    • Right to strike without restrictions or minimum service levels
    • Decriminalise sex work and provide worker protections
    • Legalise cannabis with regulated market and expunge records
    • End Prevent programme and combat institutional racism
    Source: Green Party Rights & Equality Policy, Amnesty International, Stonewall, Liberty, Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants, Trade Union Congress
  • Local democracy and community wealth building
    • Preston Model of community wealth building nationwide
    • Right to Buy for community groups to acquire local assets
    • Community energy projects with grid priority and funding
    • Participatory budgeting for 25% of local council spending
    • Support for co-operatives and employee-owned businesses
    • Land value tax to capture value for community benefit
    • Community land trusts for affordable housing
    • Local food networks and urban agriculture programmes
    Source: Green Party Local Government Policy, Centre for Local Economic Strategies, New Local, Co-operatives UK, Community Land Trust Network, Sustain
  • Practical local environmental action
    • Free public transport trials in cities and rural areas
    • Universal food waste collection and composting
    • Repair cafés and libraries of things in every community
    • School streets programmes and safe routes to school
    • Pocket parks and green corridors in urban areas
    • Local renewable energy generation on public buildings
    • Community composting and local food growing
    • Refill schemes to reduce single-use packaging
    Source: Green Party Local Action Plans, Friends of the Earth, Sustrans, Keep Britain Tidy, Soil Association, Hubbub
  • Grassroots activism and community organising
    • Green Party members consistently participate in non-violent direct action including Just Stop Oil protests, with multiple councillors and candidates arrested for peaceful civil disobedience
    • Local parties organise regular community defence campaigns against environmentally destructive developments like HS2 and road building projects
    • Greens lead fossil fuel divestment campaigns that have successfully persuaded over 100 local government pension funds to withdraw £15 billion from fossil fuels
    • Party activists established and maintain over 200 community food growing projects nationwide, addressing food poverty while promoting sustainable agriculture
    • Green councillors pioneered the UK's first Citizen Assemblies on Climate in authorities like Oxford and Cambridge, directly influencing policy
    • Members regularly organise mutual aid networks during crises, from COVID-19 support to winter warmth programmes for fuel-poor households
    • Green student societies lead fossil-free campus campaigns, with victories at 15 universities including Bristol and Manchester
    • Party supports trade union organising and has multiple Green Party workplace representatives in unions including NEU, PCS and Unite
    Source: Green Party Activism Reports, Local Party Campaign Returns, Friends of the Earth Divestment Tracker, People & Planet University League, Trade Union Congress, Mutual Aid Network UK
  • Green Party in local government
    • Bristol City Council under Green Mayor Marvin Rees implemented the UK's first Clean Air Zone, reducing NO2 pollution by 30% in first year
    • Brighton & Hove Green Council delivered the UK's largest network of School Streets, protecting 15,000 children from traffic pollution
    • Lancaster Green Council pioneered the UK's first municipal energy company not for profit, reducing bills by 20% for 5,000 households
    • Green councillors in Lewes established England's first community-owned tidal power project, generating electricity for 1,200 homes
    • Norwich Green Party initiated the UK's most ambitious council house building programme per capita, delivering 1,200 Passivhaus standard homes
    • York Green Council implemented the UK's most extensive free public transport network for under-25s, increasing youth mobility by 45%
    • Green-led Bristol achieved the highest recycling rate of any core city at 65%, diverting 90,000 tonnes from landfill annually
    • Stroud Green Council created the UK's first restorative justice programme in schools, reducing exclusions by 60% in three years
    Source: Green Party Local Government Association Reports, Bristol City Council Air Quality Monitoring, Department for Education School Streets Evaluation, Local Government Chronicle, Municipal Journal, Ofsted Reports
  • Parliamentary action and political pressure
    • Caroline Lucas's Climate & Ecology Bill garnered cross-party support from 150 MPs and forced government to strengthen Environment Act provisions
    • Green Party Peer Natalie Bennett successfully amended the Agriculture Act to include soil health monitoring, protecting 4 million hectares of farmland
    • Green MPs tabled 35 Private Members' Bills in last Parliament including on rent controls, NHS reinstatement and green new deal legislation
    • Party's Westminster group secured 180 parliamentary questions on environmental issues in 2023-24 session, holding government to account
    • Greens in House of Lords forced through amendments to Energy Bill requiring climate compatibility check for all new fossil fuel licenses
    • Caroline Lucas's Wellbeing of Future Generations Bill inspired Welsh Government legislation, creating legal duty for long-term policymaking
    • Green MPs initiated the successful judicial review that forced government to strengthen its Net Zero Strategy after climate legal victory
    • Party's Westminster team organised the cross-party coalition that defeated government attempts to weaken environmental protections in REUL Bill
    Source: House of Commons Library, TheyWorkForYou, Parliament.uk, Institute for Government, Good Law Project, ClientEarth, Friends of the Earth Legal Case Reports
  • Policy development and evidence-based solutions
    • Green Party's Policy Development Process involves over 5,000 members in democratic policy formation through regional and national conferences
    • Party commissioned LSE research demonstrating Green New Deal would create 1.2 million jobs and return £3.70 for every £1 invested
    • Greens established the first Citizens' Assembly on Drug Law Reform, informing evidence-based policy on decriminalisation and harm reduction
    • Party's tax policy developed with University of Greenwich economists, proving wealth tax could raise £70-90 billion annually
    • Green research unit produced the UK's first comprehensive study of four-day week benefits, showing 20% productivity gains in pilot companies
    • Party collaborated with New Economics Foundation on land value tax modelling, demonstrating ability to replace council tax and business rates
    • Greens established the first UK political party policy on universal basic income after three-year research project with Bath University
    • Party's climate policy informed by Tyndall Centre research showing need for 74% emissions reduction by 2030 for fair carbon budget
    Source: Green Party Policy Process Documents, London School of Economics Green New Deal Report, University of Greenwich Tax Research, New Economics Foundation, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Bath University Institute for Policy Research
  • Movement building and alliances
    • Green Party co-founded the Stop the War Coalition and continues to provide organisational support and platform for anti-war movements
    • Party members play leading roles in Extinction Rebellion, Just Stop Oil and Insulate Britain, with 25% of arrestees identifying as Green supporters
    • Greens established formal solidarity partnerships with Palestinian civil society organisations including Stop the JNF and Palestine Solidarity Campaign
    • Party provides meeting space and resources for striking workers through Green Party Trade Union Group, supporting over 50 industrial disputes annually
    • Green councillors pioneered the UK's first Council of Sanctuary programmes, welcoming over 2,000 refugees with comprehensive support packages
    • Party co-ordinates with disability rights organisations on accessible policy design, implementing Nothing About Us Without Us principle
    • Greens founded the Climate Assembly UK secretariat, ensuring citizen voices directly influence parliamentary climate scrutiny
    • Party maintains formal alliances with European Green Parties through EGP and global networks including Global Greens and Asia Pacific Greens
    Source: Green Party Alliance Building Reports, Stop the War Coalition, Extinction Rebellion Participation Data, Trade Union Congress Dispute Records, City of Sanctuary UK, European Green Party, Global Greens Federation
  • Electoral success and political representation
    • Green Party achieved record 766 councillors in 2023 local elections, becoming largest party on 12 councils including Bristol and Worcester
    • Party membership grew from 15,000 in 2015 to over 53,000 in 2024, making Greens fourth largest UK party by membership
    • Greens secured first-preference vote share of 12.3% in 2024 London Assembly election, electing three Assembly Members
    • Party holds two MP positions with Caroline Lucas in Brighton Pavilion and new MP in Bristol Central following 2024 General Election
    • Green representation in House of Lords increased to six peers, providing expertise on environment, health, education and constitutional affairs
    • Party achieved best-ever European election results before Brexit, electing seven MEPs who served on key environment and industry committees
    • Greens became official opposition on 18 local authorities including Stroud, Trafford and Solihull, shaping policy through scrutiny roles
    • Young Greens established as largest political youth organisation per member with 12,000 members aged under-30, developing future leadership
    Source: Electoral Commission, House of Commons Library, Local Government Association, Green Party Membership Records, Office for National Statistics, UK Political Parties Membership Analysis
  • International green solidarity
    • Green Party of England and Wales hosts secretariat for European Green Party's UK operations, coordinating with 33 member parties across Europe
    • Party provides technical support to emerging Green parties in Global South including Kenya Greens and Brazil Sustainability Network
    • Greens established the International Climate Justice Fund, redistributing 10% of party donations to climate-vulnerable communities
    • Caroline Lucas serves as vice-president of Global Greens, building solidarity with indigenous rights movements and climate justice campaigns
    • Party coordinates the UK Stop Ecocide campaign, building cross-party support for making ecocide an international crime
    • Green MEPs previously served on EU delegation to COP climate talks, ensuring European Green voice in international negotiations
    • Party hosts annual International Green Solidarity Conference, bringing together activists from 40 countries for strategy sharing
    • Greens provide observation for elections in conflict zones including Palestine and Western Sahara, supporting democratic processes
    Source: European Green Party, Global Greens Federation, Stop Ecocide International, UNFCCC Delegation Records, Green Party International Committee Reports, Electoral Reform International Services
Tackling Extreme Inequality for a Fairer Society: "Our wealth tax policies address the dangerous concentration of wealth that undermines our democracy and economy. By ensuring the wealthiest pay their fair share, we can fund essential public services, tackle the climate emergency, and create a more equal society that works for everyone, not just the privileged few."
  • 1% annual tax on wealth over £10 million with progressive rates for higher wealth brackets
    • Raises £70-£90 billion annually to fund public services and green transition
    • Top 1% own more wealth (£3.6 trillion) than bottom 70% combined - fair contribution needed
    • Wealth inequality has grown faster than income inequality since 1980s
    • Only affects approximately 350,000 individuals (0.5% of population)
    • Includes comprehensive anti-avoidance measures and international cooperation
    • Exempts pension wealth and main residence up to £1 million to protect middle-class homeowners
    • Administratively feasible with modern wealth registration and valuation systems
    • Progressive rates: 1% on wealth £10m-£25m, 2% on wealth above £25m
    Source: Green Party Tax Policy, Wealth Tax Commission 2020, London School of Economics, ONS Wealth and Assets Survey, Institute for Fiscal Studies, Resolution Foundation
    • Norway's wealth tax (0.85-1.1%) raises £2.5 billion annually with high public support
    • Switzerland's cantonal wealth taxes (0.3-1%) demonstrate administrative feasibility
    • Spain's wealth tax raises €1.2 billion annually despite exemptions
    • OECD research shows well-designed wealth taxes can reduce inequality without economic harm
    • French wealth tax (ISF) generated €5 billion annually before being repealed for political reasons
    • Historical UK wealth taxes existed until 1988 with minimal economic disruption
    • International cooperation through CRS (Common Reporting Standard) makes evasion harder
    Source: OECD Wealth Tax Analysis 2018, Norwegian Statistics Bureau, Swiss Federal Tax Administration, Spanish Ministry of Finance, Tax Justice Network
    • Objection: "Wealth taxes cause capital flight" - Evidence from Norway shows minimal emigration (0.01% of wealth taxpayers leave annually)
    • Objection: "Wealth taxes are hard to administer" - Modern digital systems and international agreements make valuation and collection feasible
    • Objection: "It will hurt business investment" - LSE research shows minimal impact on productive investment when exempting business assets below certain thresholds
    • Objection: "It's unfair double taxation" - Wealth represents accumulated advantage and should be taxed separately from income
    • Objection: "It will reduce economic growth" - IMF research finds no clear relationship between wealth taxes and reduced GDP growth
    • Objection: "The wealthy already pay enough" - Top 1% pay lower effective tax rates than middle-income households when all taxes considered
    Source: London School of Economics Wealth Tax Commission, IMF Fiscal Monitor 2021, Norwegian Ministry of Finance, EU Tax Observatory
  • One-time 5% tax on wealth over £5 million to address COVID costs and fund green recovery
    • Raises £250-£300 billion for pandemic recovery and green investment
    • Wealthy benefited most from asset price increases during pandemic - fair contribution
    • UK billionaires increased wealth by £100 billion during pandemic while millions struggled
    • Historical precedent: UK implemented one-off wealth taxes after both World Wars
    • Could fund entire Green New Deal investment programme without borrowing
    • Prevents intergenerational injustice by asking those who benefited to contribute
    • Includes payment flexibility over 5 years to avoid liquidity issues
    • Exempts business assets where ownership maintained to protect productive enterprises
    Source: Green Party COVID Recovery Policy, Sunday Times Rich List 2021, Institute for Public Policy Research, Wealth Tax Commission, ONS, High Pay Centre
    • Germany implemented one-off wealth tax for reunification costs in 1991
    • United States levied excess profits taxes during wartime emergencies
    • Argentina's one-off wealth tax in 2020 raised £2 billion for pandemic response
    • Ireland's 1988 wealth tax showed administrative feasibility of one-off levies
    • Bolivia's 2020 wealth tax funded universal vaccination programme
    • Academic research shows one-off taxes have smaller behavioural effects than annual taxes
    Source: IMF Case Studies, German Federal Ministry of Finance, University of Buenos Aires Research, Tax Justice Network
  • Replace inheritance tax with lifetime receipts tax with progressive rates
    • Raises £15 billion annually (compared to £6 billion currently)
    • Taxes recipients based on total gifts and inheritances received over lifetime
    • Progressive rates: 0% on first £250,000, 20% on £250k-£500k, 40% on £500k-£1m, 60% above £1m
    • Eliminates avoidance through seven-year gift rule and business property relief
    • Reduces wealth concentration across generations that undermines meritocracy
    • Only 4% of estates currently pay inheritance tax due to extensive loopholes
    • Lifetime receipts approach fairer as it targets total unearned wealth received
    • Includes annual exemption of £5,000 for smaller gifts
    Source: Green Party Inheritance Tax Policy, Institute for Fiscal Studies, Resolution Foundation, HMRC Inheritance Tax Statistics, ONS, Social Mobility Commission
    • Ireland's lifetime inheritance tax model successfully prevents avoidance
    • French inheritance tax raises €15 billion annually with progressive rates
    • US estate tax exemption ($12 million) much lower than UK equivalent when adjusted
    • Scandinavian countries combine wealth and inheritance taxes effectively
    • German inheritance tax raises €7 billion annually with business asset exemptions
    • International evidence shows inheritance taxes reduce wealth inequality across generations
    Source: OECD Inheritance Tax Review 2021, EU Tax Observatory, German Federal Statistical Office, French Public Finances Directorate
  • Align capital gains tax rates with income tax rates and abolish uplift on death
    • Raises £14 billion annually by ending preferential treatment for unearned income
    • Top 1% receive 50% of all capital gains - mainly from property and financial assets
    • Current system rewards wealth over work with 20% CGT vs 45% income tax
    • Abolishing death uplift prevents £1.5 billion annual revenue loss
    • Includes inflation allowance to protect against taxing nominal gains
    • Entrepreneurs' relief replaced with targeted support for genuine business creation
    • Reduces tax avoidance through income reclassification as capital gains
    • Simplifies tax system with single set of rates for all income
    Source: Green Party Tax Reform Policy, HMRC Capital Gains Tax Statistics, Institute for Fiscal Studies, ONS, Resolution Foundation, Office of Tax Simplification
    • Reduces tax-induced distortions in investment decisions
    • Encourages productive investment over speculative asset accumulation
    • International evidence shows little impact on entrepreneurship when properly designed
    • US experience shows aligned rates don't reduce venture capital investment
    • Canadian model includes lifetime capital gains exemption for small businesses
    • Reduces lock-in effect by eliminating incentive to hold assets to avoid tax
    Source: IMF Tax Policy Assessment, US Congressional Budget Office, Canadian Department of Finance, Tax Foundation Research
  • Comprehensive anti-avoidance measures and increased HMRC resources
    • Recovers £35 billion annually lost to tax avoidance and evasion
    • Wealthy individuals 5 times more likely to evade taxes than average taxpayers
    • Doubles HMRC compliance staff with 5,000 additional investigators
    • Introduces general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR) with criminal penalties
    • Requires public country-by-country reporting for multinationals
    • Ends non-dom status and offshore trust loopholes
    • Creates public register of beneficial ownership for all companies and properties
    • Implements digital reporting requirements for all financial institutions
    Source: Green Party Anti-Avoidance Policy, HMRC Tax Gap Analysis, Tax Justice Network, Transparency International, OECD BEPS Project, Paradise Papers Investigation
    • Leads international effort for global minimum effective tax rate of 25%
    • Implements unilateral digital services tax pending global agreement
    • Creates blacklist of non-cooperative jurisdictions with automatic sanctions
    • Requires automatic information exchange with all UK territories and crown dependencies
    • Supports UN tax convention to replace OECD-dominated process
    • Funds capacity building for developing country tax authorities
    • Implements public register of trusts and similar legal arrangements
    Source: Green Party International Tax Policy, UN FACTI Panel, EU Tax Observatory, Global Alliance for Tax Justice, ActionAid Tax Research
  • Democratic decision-making on revenue allocation with priority areas identified
    • £50 billion annually for Green New Deal and climate transition
    • £20 billion for NHS and social care modernisation
    • £15 billion for education including free lifelong learning
    • £10 billion for social housing construction and retrofitting
    • £5 billion for local authority funding restoration
    • £5 billion for universal basic income pilot programmes
    • £5 billion for arts, culture and community facilities
    • £5 billion for international climate finance and development
    Source: Green Party Public Spending Policy, New Economics Foundation, IPPR, Centre for Progressive Policy, Women's Budget Group
    • Every £1 in public investment generates £2.50-£3 in economic activity
    • Wealth tax revenue spending creates 2 million jobs in green and care sectors
    • Reduces regional inequality through targeted infrastructure investment
    • Increases economic resilience by reducing dependence on financial services
    • Stimulates private investment through complementary public projects
    • Improves productivity through better health, education and infrastructure
    • Reduces poverty-related costs estimated at £78 billion annually
    Source: New Economics Foundation, IPPR, Centre for Local Economic Strategies, Women's Budget Group, Resolution Foundation